Neuro Final Quiz Questions

______ has sensory and motor functions associated with the face, mouth, & jaw

CNV

identify a variable that can impact the neurological representation of language

TBI, age, literacy level

the acoustic reflex results from serial stimulation of CN _________ (afferent component) and CN _______ (efferent component)

VIII, VII

the ____ of the cochlea is tuned to low frequency sounds

apex

the brainstem is especially important for

arousal and consciousness

one primary function of supplementary motor area (SMA) is to

assist with learning sequential motor tasks

lesions to the orbito-frontal cortex may impact the ability to

choose a college, select socks to match your outfit, decide what you want to eat for lunch

all of the following are types of implicit memory EXCEPT

episodic memory

pediatric brain tumors and associated medical treatments can lead to developmental delay/impairment affecting

executive function, general IQ, language and communication

selective attention refers to the specific ability of

focusing on one task and resisting distractions from other competing info (as in the Stroop Test)

broca's area includes the

pars triangularis and pars opercularis

evidence supporting neuro-rehabilitation comes from

patient expertise, RCTs, clinician expertise

all of the following are external variables that affect sustained attention EXCEPT

perception

the optic nerve extends from the _______ to the __________

retina, optic chiasm

first order neurons in the visual pathway begin in the _______ and synapse in the __________

retina, thalamus (LGN)

cerebral palsy often affects

speech, swallowing, posture

the spinothalamic tract begins in the _________ and terminates in the ___________.

spine, thalamus

identify the structure

supplementary motor area

all of the following are true statements w respect to synapse formation and pruning EXCEPT

synapse formation peaks between 40-60 years of age

damage to the cerebellum can effect

talking, walking, eye movements

mirror neurons are located in the

temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe

all of the following anatomical structures are included in the classic wernicke-geschwind model EXCEPT

thalamus

neural maturation refers primarily to changes in ________

the dendrites and axons

the somatic motor system control movements of all of the following EXCEPT

the heart

a cognitive neuroscientist might study

the neural bases of hearing, the neural bases of language, the neural bases of happiness

all of the following are accurate statements about the Organ of Corti EXCEPT

the organ of corti rests on the tectorial membrane

________ is one of the three critical areas associated with executive function

the prefrontal cortex

which of the following is the most accurate description of the behavioral progression of alzheimer's disease

usually begins with just anterograde amnesia, but eventually includes both anterograde and retrograde amnesia

mirror neurons are active __________

when performing an action and when observing another person performing an action

executive function(s) include cognitive processes associated with

response inhibition, initiation and monitoring of performance, mental flexibility

after the optic chiasm, info from the left visual field is processed in the ______

right hemisphere

spacial neglect is among the most common deficits associated with

right hemisphere pathology

A ______ is an example of an external therapy device that interfaces with the brain

robotic limb, cochlear implant, retinal implant

all of the following are characteristics of rod cells EXCEPT

rod cells are concentrated in the central portion of the retina

disorders of executive function may result from

schizophrenia, TBI, stroke

the inferior parietal lobe is especially important for

selective spacial attention

the posterior cingulate cortex is especially important for

self awareness

bilateral damage to the ventral striatum can result in

severe depression

a super-ager is

someone who is 70 years old (or older) and has the physical capacity of someone that is decades younger

all of the following structures appear to be important for theory of mind EXCEPT

the cerebellum

identify the statement that best describes operant conditioning (a type of associative learning)

the consequences (reward/punishment) that immediately follow a behavior, influence the likelihood of that behavior recurring

synaptogenisis refers to

the creation of new connections between neurons

identify areas of the brain that are particularly involved in explicit memory

the hippocampus, surrounding areas, and prefrontal cortex

acts of kindness, sympathy, or charity are most likely to activate

the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex

_________ is a neural substrate associated with executive function

the prefrontal cortex, the insula, the cingulate cortex

anterograde amnesia refers to memory loss affecting

the time after diagnosis of a disorder

________ is a model that explains our ability to perceive and understand the mental state of others, and to recognize that they differ from our own

theory of mind

a sally-anne task is often used to assess

theory of mind

identify oval window

top section of cochlea

adult learners differ from child learners because

1. adult learners are are variable w respect to their self-identity 2. adult learners expect more autonomy (control) in making decisions about their learning 3. adult learners tend to be more motivated by their own life goals

match lesion site with the most likely pathology: 1. parietal lobe 2. cerebellum 3. frontal lobe 4. limbic lobe

1. agraphia 2. reduced motor coordination 3. Broca's aphasia 4. memory loss

neurulation refers to

1. differentiation of cells in the ectoderm to begin the development of the nervous system 2. differentiation of cells in the ectoderm to form neural crest cells 3. differentiation of cells in the ectoderm to form the neural tube

which of the following statements accurately characterizes the structure of the nervous system

1. for most individuals, the left hemisphere is specialized for language functions 2. different parts of the nervous system are specialized to carry out specific functions (such as seeing, hearing, and remembering things) 3. a spatial (topographic) representation of individual body parts is maintained throughout the nervous system

match the lesion site with most likely pathology: 1. spinal cord 2. brain stem 3. temporal lobe 4. occipital lobe

1. impaired knee jerk reflex 2. impaired eye blink reflex 3. pure word deafness 4. cortical blindness

match lesion with most likely pathology: 1. temporal lobe 2. frontal lobe 3. brain stem 4. limbic lobe

1. wernicke's area 2. reduced reasoning 3. loss of consciousness 4. alzheimer's disease

large disorders can be caused by

RH stroke, alzheimer's disease, LH stroke

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is

a method to study cognitive neuroscience and a therapy technique

depression can be caused by

a normal response to a sad life event, a chemical imbalance affecting limbic structures, anatomical damage to a structure in the limbic system

pathology to the insula may result in

abnormalities in the reward system and addictive behaviors

social perception, particularly perception of facial expressions, involves the

amygdala, insula, fusiform face area

according to hodotopic models

anatomical areas are connected by distant and local connections

_______ is a motor disorder characterized by a reduction in the ability to learn and carry out sequential movements

apraxia

_______ is/are associated with processing in the FL

attention and working memory, personality, reasoning

______ is a neuroscience technique that can be applied to improve brain functioning

behavioral intervention, pharmalogical agents that promote neurogenesis, deep brain stimulation

in children, the potential for full recovery from brain injury is greatest _________

between 1 and 5 years

the superior temporal sulcus is located

between the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus

explicit memory can refer to

both episodic and semantic memory

Which of the following statements accurately characterize the flow of information in the nervous system

both serial and parallel processing of information occur in the nervous system

identify the structure

caudate nucleus

the cerebral hemispheres include the

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus

all of the following are true statements about cerebral palsy EXCEPT

cerebral palsy usually occurs as a result of a complication that occurs at the time of birth

the circuit of Papez includes

cingulate cortex, hypothalamus and thalamus, hippocampus

neuro-rehabilitation entails

compensation, restoration, reorganization

knowledge from cognitive neuroscience can be applied to

create super computers, improve therapy techniques for individuals with neurological disorders, improve cognitive abilities in neurologically healthy (normal) individuals

all of the following are true statements about attention EXCEPT

deficits in attention do not affect other cognitive processes

depression frequently co-occurs with

dementia, stroke, motor speech disorders

the autonomic motor system controls movements of the

digestive system

one primary function of the cerebellum is to

ensure that movements are carried out as planned

the orbito-frontal cortex is especially important for

evaluating options based on past experience

holistic models of health indicate that health and well-being may be influenced by a variety of factors including

exercise, mindfulness, diet

identify the structure

external auditory meatus

the trigeminothalamic tract carries sensory info from the _________ to higher brain centers

head

a lesion study is an approach to studying brain-behavior relations by

investigating the behavior of individuals with an identified brain injury

with respect to timing, the potential for neuro-rehabilitation following a TBI __________

is ongoing throughout a person's lifetime

people who _______ are more likely to be super-agers

keep mentally active, have close supportive relationships throughout their lives, engage in regular aerobic exercise

according to Klimes & Jones, all of the following are important factors associated with learning that contribute to experience-dependent neuroplasticity EXCEPT

learning always transfers/generalizes to novel contexts

decisions about actions/behavior (such as cliff diving) are based on inputs from diverse neural areas, including

limbic areas, primary somatosensory cortex, primary visual cortex

according to consolidation theory

memories are stored first in the HPC and later in other parts of the brain

the acoustic reflex is triggered in the

middle ear

OAE's can be used to assess the integrity of the _______

middle ear ossicles, basilar membrane, tympanic membrane

the neural network for attention overlaps with areas dedicated to

motor functions, visual processing, somatosensory functions

according to the principle of Hebbian learning

neurons that fire together wire together

all of the following are indicated in the 10 principles of experience-dependent neurolpasticity EXCEPT

no pain no gain

visual pathway structure occurs before the optic chiasm

optic nerve

visual pathway structure after the optic chiasm

optic tract

the ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex is especially important for

planning behavior, monitoring behavior, self control

the frontal lobe is especially important for

planning/sequencing behavior

Wernicke's area is located in the

posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus

all of the following are homeostatic functions EXCEPT

predation

supplementary motor cortex is immediately anterior to

primary motor cortex

all of the following statements are true statements about awake cranioanatomy EXCEPT

procedure demonstrated that subcortical regions are involved in language processing

one language function of the RH is

processing prosodic info, processing emotional aspects of language, processing analogies and metaphors

the ventromedial cortex is involved primarily in

producing a visceral (gut) motor response to autonomic stimuli

for neurologically healthy individuals, explicit memory is the primary mechanism for

recalling personal memories