Neuro Final Quiz Questions
______ has sensory and motor functions associated with the face, mouth, & jaw
CNV
identify a variable that can impact the neurological representation of language
TBI, age, literacy level
the acoustic reflex results from serial stimulation of CN _________ (afferent component) and CN _______ (efferent component)
VIII, VII
the ____ of the cochlea is tuned to low frequency sounds
apex
the brainstem is especially important for
arousal and consciousness
one primary function of supplementary motor area (SMA) is to
assist with learning sequential motor tasks
lesions to the orbito-frontal cortex may impact the ability to
choose a college, select socks to match your outfit, decide what you want to eat for lunch
all of the following are types of implicit memory EXCEPT
episodic memory
pediatric brain tumors and associated medical treatments can lead to developmental delay/impairment affecting
executive function, general IQ, language and communication
selective attention refers to the specific ability of
focusing on one task and resisting distractions from other competing info (as in the Stroop Test)
broca's area includes the
pars triangularis and pars opercularis
evidence supporting neuro-rehabilitation comes from
patient expertise, RCTs, clinician expertise
all of the following are external variables that affect sustained attention EXCEPT
perception
the optic nerve extends from the _______ to the __________
retina, optic chiasm
first order neurons in the visual pathway begin in the _______ and synapse in the __________
retina, thalamus (LGN)
cerebral palsy often affects
speech, swallowing, posture
the spinothalamic tract begins in the _________ and terminates in the ___________.
spine, thalamus
identify the structure
supplementary motor area
all of the following are true statements w respect to synapse formation and pruning EXCEPT
synapse formation peaks between 40-60 years of age
damage to the cerebellum can effect
talking, walking, eye movements
mirror neurons are located in the
temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe
all of the following anatomical structures are included in the classic wernicke-geschwind model EXCEPT
thalamus
neural maturation refers primarily to changes in ________
the dendrites and axons
the somatic motor system control movements of all of the following EXCEPT
the heart
a cognitive neuroscientist might study
the neural bases of hearing, the neural bases of language, the neural bases of happiness
all of the following are accurate statements about the Organ of Corti EXCEPT
the organ of corti rests on the tectorial membrane
________ is one of the three critical areas associated with executive function
the prefrontal cortex
which of the following is the most accurate description of the behavioral progression of alzheimer's disease
usually begins with just anterograde amnesia, but eventually includes both anterograde and retrograde amnesia
mirror neurons are active __________
when performing an action and when observing another person performing an action
executive function(s) include cognitive processes associated with
response inhibition, initiation and monitoring of performance, mental flexibility
after the optic chiasm, info from the left visual field is processed in the ______
right hemisphere
spacial neglect is among the most common deficits associated with
right hemisphere pathology
A ______ is an example of an external therapy device that interfaces with the brain
robotic limb, cochlear implant, retinal implant
all of the following are characteristics of rod cells EXCEPT
rod cells are concentrated in the central portion of the retina
disorders of executive function may result from
schizophrenia, TBI, stroke
the inferior parietal lobe is especially important for
selective spacial attention
the posterior cingulate cortex is especially important for
self awareness
bilateral damage to the ventral striatum can result in
severe depression
a super-ager is
someone who is 70 years old (or older) and has the physical capacity of someone that is decades younger
all of the following structures appear to be important for theory of mind EXCEPT
the cerebellum
identify the statement that best describes operant conditioning (a type of associative learning)
the consequences (reward/punishment) that immediately follow a behavior, influence the likelihood of that behavior recurring
synaptogenisis refers to
the creation of new connections between neurons
identify areas of the brain that are particularly involved in explicit memory
the hippocampus, surrounding areas, and prefrontal cortex
acts of kindness, sympathy, or charity are most likely to activate
the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex
_________ is a neural substrate associated with executive function
the prefrontal cortex, the insula, the cingulate cortex
anterograde amnesia refers to memory loss affecting
the time after diagnosis of a disorder
________ is a model that explains our ability to perceive and understand the mental state of others, and to recognize that they differ from our own
theory of mind
a sally-anne task is often used to assess
theory of mind
identify oval window
top section of cochlea
adult learners differ from child learners because
1. adult learners are are variable w respect to their self-identity 2. adult learners expect more autonomy (control) in making decisions about their learning 3. adult learners tend to be more motivated by their own life goals
match lesion site with the most likely pathology: 1. parietal lobe 2. cerebellum 3. frontal lobe 4. limbic lobe
1. agraphia 2. reduced motor coordination 3. Broca's aphasia 4. memory loss
neurulation refers to
1. differentiation of cells in the ectoderm to begin the development of the nervous system 2. differentiation of cells in the ectoderm to form neural crest cells 3. differentiation of cells in the ectoderm to form the neural tube
which of the following statements accurately characterizes the structure of the nervous system
1. for most individuals, the left hemisphere is specialized for language functions 2. different parts of the nervous system are specialized to carry out specific functions (such as seeing, hearing, and remembering things) 3. a spatial (topographic) representation of individual body parts is maintained throughout the nervous system
match the lesion site with most likely pathology: 1. spinal cord 2. brain stem 3. temporal lobe 4. occipital lobe
1. impaired knee jerk reflex 2. impaired eye blink reflex 3. pure word deafness 4. cortical blindness
match lesion with most likely pathology: 1. temporal lobe 2. frontal lobe 3. brain stem 4. limbic lobe
1. wernicke's area 2. reduced reasoning 3. loss of consciousness 4. alzheimer's disease
large disorders can be caused by
RH stroke, alzheimer's disease, LH stroke
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is
a method to study cognitive neuroscience and a therapy technique
depression can be caused by
a normal response to a sad life event, a chemical imbalance affecting limbic structures, anatomical damage to a structure in the limbic system
pathology to the insula may result in
abnormalities in the reward system and addictive behaviors
social perception, particularly perception of facial expressions, involves the
amygdala, insula, fusiform face area
according to hodotopic models
anatomical areas are connected by distant and local connections
_______ is a motor disorder characterized by a reduction in the ability to learn and carry out sequential movements
apraxia
_______ is/are associated with processing in the FL
attention and working memory, personality, reasoning
______ is a neuroscience technique that can be applied to improve brain functioning
behavioral intervention, pharmalogical agents that promote neurogenesis, deep brain stimulation
in children, the potential for full recovery from brain injury is greatest _________
between 1 and 5 years
the superior temporal sulcus is located
between the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus
explicit memory can refer to
both episodic and semantic memory
Which of the following statements accurately characterize the flow of information in the nervous system
both serial and parallel processing of information occur in the nervous system
identify the structure
caudate nucleus
the cerebral hemispheres include the
cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus
all of the following are true statements about cerebral palsy EXCEPT
cerebral palsy usually occurs as a result of a complication that occurs at the time of birth
the circuit of Papez includes
cingulate cortex, hypothalamus and thalamus, hippocampus
neuro-rehabilitation entails
compensation, restoration, reorganization
knowledge from cognitive neuroscience can be applied to
create super computers, improve therapy techniques for individuals with neurological disorders, improve cognitive abilities in neurologically healthy (normal) individuals
all of the following are true statements about attention EXCEPT
deficits in attention do not affect other cognitive processes
depression frequently co-occurs with
dementia, stroke, motor speech disorders
the autonomic motor system controls movements of the
digestive system
one primary function of the cerebellum is to
ensure that movements are carried out as planned
the orbito-frontal cortex is especially important for
evaluating options based on past experience
holistic models of health indicate that health and well-being may be influenced by a variety of factors including
exercise, mindfulness, diet
identify the structure
external auditory meatus
the trigeminothalamic tract carries sensory info from the _________ to higher brain centers
head
a lesion study is an approach to studying brain-behavior relations by
investigating the behavior of individuals with an identified brain injury
with respect to timing, the potential for neuro-rehabilitation following a TBI __________
is ongoing throughout a person's lifetime
people who _______ are more likely to be super-agers
keep mentally active, have close supportive relationships throughout their lives, engage in regular aerobic exercise
according to Klimes & Jones, all of the following are important factors associated with learning that contribute to experience-dependent neuroplasticity EXCEPT
learning always transfers/generalizes to novel contexts
decisions about actions/behavior (such as cliff diving) are based on inputs from diverse neural areas, including
limbic areas, primary somatosensory cortex, primary visual cortex
according to consolidation theory
memories are stored first in the HPC and later in other parts of the brain
the acoustic reflex is triggered in the
middle ear
OAE's can be used to assess the integrity of the _______
middle ear ossicles, basilar membrane, tympanic membrane
the neural network for attention overlaps with areas dedicated to
motor functions, visual processing, somatosensory functions
according to the principle of Hebbian learning
neurons that fire together wire together
all of the following are indicated in the 10 principles of experience-dependent neurolpasticity EXCEPT
no pain no gain
visual pathway structure occurs before the optic chiasm
optic nerve
visual pathway structure after the optic chiasm
optic tract
the ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex is especially important for
planning behavior, monitoring behavior, self control
the frontal lobe is especially important for
planning/sequencing behavior
Wernicke's area is located in the
posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus
all of the following are homeostatic functions EXCEPT
predation
supplementary motor cortex is immediately anterior to
primary motor cortex
all of the following statements are true statements about awake cranioanatomy EXCEPT
procedure demonstrated that subcortical regions are involved in language processing
one language function of the RH is
processing prosodic info, processing emotional aspects of language, processing analogies and metaphors
the ventromedial cortex is involved primarily in
producing a visceral (gut) motor response to autonomic stimuli
for neurologically healthy individuals, explicit memory is the primary mechanism for
recalling personal memories
