New Deal
Hundred Days
100 days after FDR was sworn into office. Congress passed into law major legislation to counter the effects of the Great Depression
The New Deal
A series of programs that FDR passed to help people in the USA find jobs, and end the Great Depression.
New Deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.
Civilian Works Administration (CWA)
A short-lived U.S. job creation program. Created construction jobs, mainly improving or constructing buildings and bridges. It ended on March 31, 1934, after spending $200 million a month and giving jobs to four million people.
What FDR did in the 100 days in 1933: March 9th, what was introduced, passed, and signed in the same day?
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Court Packing
FDR Tried to add more justices (judges) to the Supreme Court
The Presidential Election of 1932:
FDR vs. Hoover --> FDR wins & proposes to fix Depression Almost 57% of the electorate vetoed
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Federally insured banks so that the mass banks failures can never happen again
Hoover
Herbert Hoover. President blamed for the Great Depression. Lost 1932 election to FDR
Father Charles Coughlin
Roman Catholic priest who used popular radio sermons to criticize Roosevelt
Francis Perkins
Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member in U.S. history.
On March 5, 1933, FDR called for what of the 73rd Congress?
Special session
bank holiday
The day after his inauguration, FDR closed all banks for 4 days until gov't examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen
Court Packing
Where FDR tried to add more members to the Supreme Court to pass his programs.
WPA (Works-Progress Administration)
employed artists and others in projects across the USA
Legislation was introduced and passed at a FURIOUS pace as Congress mostly acted as a what?
Rubber Stamp
Huey Long
Senator from Louisiana who wanted the "Share our Wealth" program to tax the rich and give money to the poor
The FDR Inauguration, March 4, 1933:
Several weeks before he had narrowly escaped an ASSASSINATION attempt where the mayor of Chicago was killed
Eleanor Roosevelt
She was a First Lady and worked for social reform, supported youth employment, helped the poor and addressed the needs of women in her book Its Up to Women.
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
The Act was the first direct-relief operation under the New Deal and was headed by Harry L. Hopkins, a New York social worker who was one of Franklin D. Roosevelt's most influential advisers. The law provided money for food and other necessities for the unemployed. Affected the people in trying to aid people feeling the effects of the depression.
Work Progress Administration (WPA)
The WPA gave people jobs to help build roads, bridges, dams, airports, surge treatment plants, hospitals, medical clinics, and schools. In addition, artists, sculptors, musicians and actors were employed.
During the first 100 days of his administration, Roosevelt and his brain trust were a _________ of activity
Whirlwind
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
a labor organization established in 1938 to organize workers by industry rather than by occupation or skill
Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)
a law enacted in 1933 to raise crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land unplanted, thus lowering production
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
a law passed by Congress in 1933 to increase production while boosting wages and prices; it created the National Recovery Administration
The Great Depression
a time during the 1930s when the USA had economic problems. People had no jobs, no money, and a lot were homeless
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
an agency created in 1933 to insure individuals' bank accounts, protecting people against losses due to bank failures
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
an agency, established as part of the New Deal, that put young unemployed men to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in erosion-control and flood-control projects.
TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)
built dams and brought cheap electricity in rural areas.
direct relief
cash payments or food provided by the government to the poor
Bank Holiday
closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen
Social Security Act (SSA)
created a tax on workers and employers. That money provided monthly pensions for retired people.
SEC (Securities Exchange Commission)
created to make sure companies reported their value and to stop stock fraud
CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
gave jobs to men aged 18-25 building national parks, helping forests
FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration)
gave relief money to people without jobs (the unemployed)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
government agency created during the New Deal that insures bank deposits, guaranteeing that depositors' money will be safe. The FDIC currently insures deposits up to $250,000.
safety net
government programs that protect people suffering from bad economic conditions
Fireside Chats
informal radio broadcasts in which President Roosevelt explained his New Deal program and how he would take action on the depression.
FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
insurance for money in bank (savings) accounts up to 2500 dollars
Okies during the Great Depression
midwestern farmers who lost their farms; many moved to CA
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds (protects against fraud and over-speculation)
Social Security
program gave money $ to older people, unemployment insurance, help to the disabled
New Deal Relief Programs
programs to provide immediate help through jobs or government checks to lower unemployment
Fireside Chats
radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives
Broker State
role of the government to work out conflicts (mediate) between competing interest groups
Arbitration
settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider
First 100 Days
the first 100 Days FDR was president and passed most of the New Deal programs.
Relief, Recovery, Reform
the three goals of FDR's New Deal.
Wagner Act (1935)
(National Labor Relations Act) gives workers the right to organize a union and bargain with management.
FDR and The New Deal:
- 1932 Presidential Election - FDR's Inauguration, Brain Trust, and Philosophy - The Hundred Days - Bank Holiday - Fireside Chats - New deal programs: AAA, NRA, PWA, FERA, CCC, TVA, CWA, HOLC, Market reform
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
1934 - Created to supervise stock exchanges and to punish fraud in securities trading.
Social Security Act (SSA)
1934 law that set up a pension system for retirees beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health
Social Security Act (SSA)
1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor
Fair Labor Standards Act
1938-Established a minimum wage (25 cents an hour), a maximum workweek of 40 hours and time and a half for overtime, and outlawed child labor.
Supreme Court
9 Judges (Justices) who declare laws constitutional or unconsitutional
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
A 1935 law that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-management relations.
Father Coughlin
A Catholic priest from Michigan who was critical of FDR on his radio show. He was wildly popular among those who opposed FDR's New Deal until radio show spoke out against Jews during WWII. He was eventually kicked off the air
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
A New Deal agency created to generate cheap electric power and flood control in a seven-state region. It created many dams that provided electricity as well as jobs.
American Liberty League
A conservative anti-New Deal organization; led by Al Smith. It criticized the "dictatorial" policies of FDR and what it perceived to be his attacks on the free enterprise system.
Townsend Plan
A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today) to citizens over the age of sixty. Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan, mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions. This became part of the Social Security Act.
Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
An agency created in 1933 that monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds
Huey Long
As senator Long preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. With a tax on incomes of the very wealthy, Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable minimum income.
Huey Long
As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc
What FDR did in the 100 days in 1933: March 6th "_______ _______" for 4 days
Bank Holiday
Marion Anderson
Black opera singer who was refused the right to sing in Constitution Hall by the DAR, Eleanor Roosevelt had her to perform in front of Lincoln Memorial
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Created to stimulate the economy. It tried to set fair wages and hours for workers and minimum prices for products. It was struck down and declared unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses, the Government bought livestock for slaughter and paid farmers subsidies not to plant part of their land. It was struck down and declared unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court.
Francis Townsend
Dr. from California, wanted older people to get a "pension" or money after they finish working
First Hundred Days
During this time, FDR had managed to get Congress to pass an unprecedented amount of new legislation that would revolutionize the role of the federal government from that point on.
Three Branches of Government
Executive (President), Judicial ( Supreme Court), Legislative (Congress)
Bank Holiday
FDR closed banks and only reopened the good ones
Bank Holiday 1933
FDR declared that all banks were to be closed on March 6, 1933. A few days later he allowed the reopening of economically sound banks.
Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women
Court Packing Scheme
FDR's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court with 6 additional justices who would be supporters to keep his New Deal programs from being declared unconstitutional
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
First relief operation under the New Deal. Gave loans to the states to operate relief programs. Main goal was to alleviate household unemployment by creating new unskilled jobs in local and state government. Gave states and localities $3.1 billion (ended in 1935 and replaced by the WPA and Social Security Administration)
He wanted a power "as great as the POWER that would be given me if we were in fact invaded by a ______ _____"
Foreign foe
Who became the 32nd President of the United States?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
FDR
Franklin Delano Roosevelt - President of the United States. Won the 1932 Election in a Landslide.
Court Packing Plan (1937)
Franklin Roosevelt's politically motivated and ill-fated scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire. His objective was to overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Gave farmers money to reduce crop planting to restore the prices of their goods to a reasonable level
deficit spending
Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes; FDR started this trend to pump more money into the economy
Black Cabinet
Group of African Americans FDR appointed to key government positions; served as unofficial advisors to the president.
Who were the brain trust?
Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Helped construction workers get jobs doing public projects (highways, bridges, sewers)
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Hired young, unemployed people to do restoration projects throughout the country building roads, developing parks, and helping in soil-erosion projects employed over 3 million people.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Hires jobless people to build public buildings and parks.
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)
It was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada. It broke away from the AFL and allowed African Americans.
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Large-scale public works construction agency. Built public works such as dams, bridges, hospitals, and schools. Spent over $6 billion in contracts to private construction firms that did the actual work. Administered the construction of more than 34,000 projects.
Huey Long
Louisiana senator (aka "Kingfish") who pushed his "Share The Wealth" program to redistribute personal income
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
New Deal program that built dams to control flooding and produce cheap electric power
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
New Deal program that hired unemployed men to work on natural conservation projects
AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration)
Paid farmers to grow less crops
He asked for executive power to wage war against ______ and ______
Poverty and pessimism
New Deal
President Franklin Roosevelt's programs and legislation intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression.
New Deal Reform Programs
Programs to correct problems and prevent depressions from happening again, focusing on banks and labor unions
New Deal Recovery Programs
Programs to help stimulate agriculture, industry and the economy to end the great depression
Three R's of New Deal
Relief(short term) Recovery(help the economy) and Reform(long-term)
