NEW Marine Sciences: Secrets of the Blue. Units 1-10 quizzes

Heat capacity refers to the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by: 1. 1° Celsius. 2. 5° Fahrenheit. 3. 5° Celsius. 4. 1° Fahrenheit.

1. 1° Celsius.

During low tide, Sophie creates a sandcastle on the beach, very close to the edge of the water. What is the longest amount of time that her sandcastle can remain on the beach, without being ruined by the rising tide? 1. 6 hours and 12.5 minutes 2. 12 hours and 25 minutes 3. 18 hours and 37.5 minutes 4. 24 hours and 50 minutes

1. 6 hours and 12.5 minutes

What is illustrated by the fact that bats hunt at night to improve their ability to acquire food without interference from birds? 1. Bats' behavior can minimize competition. 2. Bats play a role in marine ecosystems. 3. Bats have evolved greater intelligence than birds. 4. Bats often disrupt the balance of ecosystems.

1. Bats' behavior can minimize competition.

Choya is asked to read this chart in science class. What prediction can she make about their average temperatures based on their location? TABLE CONTENTS: City: Latitude: A 10° N B 15° N C 66° N D 40° N ANSWER CHOICES: 1. Cities A and B will have similar summer temperatures. 2. City A will be the coldest in the summer. 3. City C will be the warmest in the winter. 4. City D is closest to the Pole.

1. Cities A and B will have similar summer temperatures.

How does the ocean help lessen the effects of global warming? 1. It absorbs a lot of carbon from multiple sources. 2. It contains diverse ecosystems that support biodiversity. 3. It has regular tides that help cool the Earth. 4. It routinely erodes shores, covering more land with water.

1. It absorbs a lot of carbon from multiple sources.

Coral grows skeletons of calcium carbonate, the same material that forms the shells of mollusks such as clams and oysters. The clustered skeletons of coral colonies form coral reefs. Based on this information, how does ocean acidification threaten the health of coral and coral reefs? 1. It could weaken or dissolve reefs and make it harder for coral to grow skeletons. 2. It could weaken the coral by forcing them to make reefs from other materials. 3. It could raise the populations of algae on reefs, attracting more predators. 4. It could cause coral reefs to grow too large, increasing competition for food.

1. It could weaken or dissolve reefs and make it harder for coral to grow skeletons.

What is the BEST explanation of how energy is conserved in chemical reactions? 1. It is converted or stored, not created or destroyed. 2. It is recycled to power reactions, not created anew. 3. It is stored in the products of a reaction, not destroyed. 4. It is completely transferred to the molecules in the reaction.

1. It is converted or stored, not created or destroyed.

How does the heat capacity of water impact the ocean? 1. It keeps the ocean water temperatures relatively the same. 2. It causes extreme temperature differences in the ocean. 3. It creates slower thermohaline currents. 4. It allows for more icebergs to be created.

1. It keeps the ocean water temperatures relatively the same.

Many bony fish species have a swim bladder: an air-filled organ that can inflate to help them float up in water or deflate to help them sink down. What can you infer about a species that lacks this organ? 1. It lives in the ocean's deep zone. 2. It travels between ocean zones. 3. It does not need oxygen to survive. 4. It is a larger-sized species of fish.

1. It lives in the ocean's deep zone.

Why is lightning seen before hearing thunder? 1. Light travels faster than sound. 2. Lightning is created before thunder. 3. Thunder is a very low frequency sound. 4. Thunder follows the path laid by a lightning strike.

1. Light travels faster than sound.

Based on the properties of density and the earth's crust, what is the BEST prediction of the movement of oceanic and crustal plates? 1. Oceanic plates contain basaltic rocks and will sink under crustal plates. 2. Oceanic plates contain granitic rocks and will rise over crustal plates. 3. Crustal and oceanic plates have the same density, so no movement will occur. 4. Oceanic plates contain light basaltic rocks that will float over crustal plates.

1. Oceanic plates contain basaltic rocks and will sink under crustal plates.

What is the relationship between plate tectonics and seafloor spreading? 1. The movement of plates in Earth's crust is the cause of seafloor spreading. 2. When seafloor spreading increases, then the movement of plates in Earth's crust increases. 3. When the plates in Earth's crust become larger, then seafloor spreading occurs. 4. Seafloor spreading is the force that moves the plates in Earth's crust.

1. The movement of plates in Earth's crust is the cause of seafloor spreading.

A researcher is using rarefaction to determine whether a recent hurricane brought new, open-water organisms into a gulf. After taking and analyzing two samples, her net rips and she is forced to use a different type of net. Why should she start the process over with the new net? 1. The nets may allow organisms of different sizes to slip through. 2. The gulf populations may have moved while she changed nets. 3. The nets will be recognized and avoided by different species. 4. The size of the gulf populations has been reduced by her samples.

1. The nets may allow organisms of different sizes to slip through.

Seagrasses are aquatic plants that grow in the water near coastlines and are very similar to land grasses. In one seagrass meadow, one plant has a mutation that makes it grow taller than the others of its species. What would be the strongest evidence that this mutation is beneficial to the species? 1. The ratio of taller plants to shorter plants increases over time. 2. The taller plants live much longer than the shorter plants do. 3. The meadow spreads to cover a larger area of the ocean floor. 4. The marine animals that usually eat the plants disappear.

1. The ratio of taller plants to shorter plants increases over time.

What is the MOST likely reason that specialist predators can be more vulnerable to extinction than generalist predators? 1. They have fewer alternatives if one food source disappears. 2. They already have smaller population sizes than generalists do. 3. They face more competition for resources than generalists do. 4. They have fewer adaptations to their preferred environment.

1. They have fewer alternatives if one food source disappears.

What is the MOST likely reason that ocean waves frequently have more irregular characteristics and behavior than other waves, such as sound waves or light waves? 1. They interact with the environment, each other, and the weather. 2. They travel only in two dimensions, not three like other waves. 3. They are more numerous than any other type of wave on Earth. 4. They are the only waves that are capable of changing direction.

1. They interact with the environment, each other, and the weather.

Devorah says that tornadoes and thunderstorms are related forms of extreme weather. What is the BEST evidence that Devorah can use to convince others that she is correct? 1. Tornadoes form below thunderstorm clouds. 2. Most thunderstorms turn into tornadoes. 3. Both can form at any time of the year. 4. Both feature extremely strong, fast winds.

1. Tornadoes form below thunderstorm clouds.

Both currents and tides are predictable patterns of movement in water. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Marine science includes the study of freshwater lakes or rivers. 1. True 2. False

1. True

More people have been to space than to the deepest level of the ocean. 1. True 2. False

1. True

The borders of plates change. 1. True 2. False

1. True

The deep zone of the ocean begins at a depth of 3,300 feet. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Unusual weather, such as hurricanes, can change the tides. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Watersheds generally contain fresh water. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Juan notices that insects can walk across the surface of the lake in his neighborhood. What property of water explains this phenomenon? 1. adhesion 2. cohesion 3. polarity 4. solubility

1. adhesion

According to Dr. Paul Narguizian, professor of Biology and Science Education at California State University, "_____ are generalizations about phenomena while _____ are explanations of phenomena." 1. laws; theories 2. conclusions; experiments 3. theories; laws 4. experiments; hypotheses

1. laws; theories

Lucia measured the temperature of the water in a pond while making notes about the growth of algae each day. What part of the scientific method is Lucia conducting with these actions? 1. observation 2. experiment 3. questioning 4. hypothesis

1. observation

An erupting volcano creates a new island in the ocean. Life on this island begins with the algae that grows on the volcanic rocks. Next, other organisms that can obtain energy or other support from the algae appear, including plants that can provide habitats and food for animals. As organisms die and decay, additional, larger or more advanced species are able to inhabit the island. What is this type of process called? 1. primary succession 2. secondary succession 3. terrestrial evolution 4. geological determination

1. primary succession

A text defines the benthic community as the community of organisms that live on or near the ocean floor. Oysters, insects, snails, worms, and bottom-feeding fish are listed as examples. What is another example that should be listed to improve this definition? 1. seabed plants 2. ocean sediment 3. carnivorous animals 4. plankton

1. seabed plants

What properties define thermohaline currents? 1. temperature and density 2. nearness to the surface 3. the area in which they flow 4. the fact that they all flow north

1. temperature and density

Where is the one place that tornadoes do not occur? 1. the Arctic 2. small tropical islands 3. coastal regions 4. the Midwestern United States

1. the Arctic

A marine scientist has determined the age structure of a population of sea lions. What additional information does the scientist MOST need to predict whether this population is likely to grow in the near future? 1. the age at which sea lions begin to reproduce 2. the ages of the oldest population members 3. the current number of baby sea lions 4. the age structure from the previous year

1. the age at which sea lions begin to reproduce

What does the lemming population cycle MOST illustrate about population changes in ecosystems? 1. the link between prey populations and predator populations 2. the ways in which predator populations are driven to extinction 3. the advantages generalist predators have over specific predators 4. the difference between population cycles of land and marine organisms

1. the link between prey populations and predator populations

In fluid dynamics, what does the term "interference" refer to? 1. the results of two ocean waves meeting 2. anything that changes the course of a wave 3. the consequences of waves hitting the shore 4. the interaction between waves in different mediums

1. the results of two ocean waves meeting

Tsunamis are potentially destructive waves caused by undersea earthquakes and other disturbances. Eric is using the diagram to help him describe what happens to tsunami waves when they approach the coast. All of the following observations can be made or inferred from the diagram EXCEPT: 1. their wave base increases. 2. their wavelength decreases. 3. their amplitude increases. 4. their velocity decreases.

1. their wave base increases.

Natural selection is often paraphrased as "survival of the fittest." What is the BEST explanation of who "the fittest" are, in the context of evolution? 1. those that manage to have a higher quantity or healthier offspring 2. those with the best health and greatest physical strength 3. those that have skills that help them beat competitors 4. those that play a useful role within their ecosystem

1. those that manage to have a higher quantity or healthier offspring

While comparing the convergent plate and divergent plate boundaries, the plate movement can be described as moving _____ each other in convergent and _____ each other in divergent. 1. towards; away from 2. away from; towards 3. side by side to; away from 4. away from; above

1. towards; away from

In which part of the Earth's atmosphere does the weather form? 1. troposphere 2. stratosphere 3. mesosphere 4. thermosphere

1. troposphere

What word completes this analogy? Crest is to high as _____ is to low. 1. trough 2. base 3. amplitude 4. period

1. trough

Natural selection is a completely random process. 1. True 2. False

2. False

The addition or removal of any species in an ecosystem will cause a trophic cascade. 1. True 2. False

2. False

The law of conservation of energy only applies to physics. 1. True 2. False

2. False

Volcanoes form only on land. 1. True 2. False

2. False

When the pull of the moon is strongest, tides will be lowest. 1. True 2. False

2. False

How does pollution contribute to global warming? 1. It changes the direction of major ocean currents. 2. It forms a barrier that keeps in the sun's heat. 3. It makes it harder for the sun's rays to reach Earth. 4. It makes it more difficult for sea life to survive in the ocean.

2. It forms a barrier that keeps in the sun's heat.

Greta is making a diagram of the Earth's layers. How should the temperature be labeled on the different layers? 1. The crust would be hotter than the mantle. 2. The outer core would be hotter than the mantle. 3. The crust would be hotter than the inner core. 4. The outer core would be hotter than the inner core.

2. The outer core would be hotter than the mantle.

What conclusion about the sun's influence on tides can be drawn from this diagram? (CANT ADD DIAGRAM) 1. The sun's pull affects tides only when the sun, moon, and Earth are aligned. 2. The sun's pull affects tides by working with or against the moon's pull. 3. The sun's pull has a greater influence on tides than the moon's pull does. 4. The sun's pull influences tides deep in the ocean not the tides on the surface.

2. The sun's pull affects tides by working with or against the moon's pull.

What is the MOST accurate way to restate the law of the conservation of energy? 1. The energy in a closed system can only take certain forms. 2. The total amount of energy in a closed system cannot change. 3. Energy cannot be transferred into or out of a closed system. 4. Energy can be stored in a closed system but not lost from it.

2. The total amount of energy in a closed system cannot change.

Desmond says that the stratosphere has a greater influence on marine life than any other layer of the atmosphere because it prevents the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth and overheating the ocean. What is the main problem with Desmond's argument? 1. The stratosphere is not the only place where ozone exists in the atmosphere. 2. The troposphere helps create upwellings that marine life depends on for nutrients. 3. The mesosphere is above the stratosphere, and it filters ultraviolet radiation first. 4. The thermosphere hosts the satellites used to study changes to oceans and marine life.

2. The troposphere helps create upwellings that marine life depends on for nutrients.

What do the reflection, refraction, and diffraction of ocean waves all have in common? 1. They are hazards to people, ships, and structures in the water. 2. They are interactions between waves and land or objects. 3. None of them can occur in the open waters of the oceans. 4. None of them change more than the direction of waves.

2. They are interactions between waves and land or objects.

What MOST differentiates an apex predator from other predators? 1. They have a wider diet that includes producers. 2. They are not prey for other wildlife. 3. They are the only ones that can alter a food chain. 4. They often need a much larger habitat.

2. They are not prey for other wildlife.

What characteristic of rogue waves MOST puzzles scientists? 1. They are capable of sinking very large ships. 2. They do not obey the law of conservation of energy. 3. They occur suddenly in otherwise still waters. 4. They are twice the size of the surrounding waves.

2. They do not obey the law of conservation of energy.

What process causes warm, moist air to rise up through the atmosphere and cool as it rises? 1. evaporation 2. convection 3. precipitation 4. condensation

2. convection

All of the following traits are common in deep-sea creatures EXCEPT: 1. large eyes. 2. dorsal fins. 3. exceptional size. 4. exaggerated jaws.

2. dorsal fins

A group of researchers is using satellites to locate and monitor marine plants and algae and estimate how much photosynthesis is occurring in oceans. What do they MOST likely hope to learn from this research? 1. how much oxygen these organisms need from the water 2. how much oxygen these organisms add to the water 3. how much oxygen these organisms filter and recycle 4. how move oxygen these organisms bring up from the ocean floor

2. how much oxygen these organisms add to the water

Which trait of a marine animal is MOST closely linked to the depth of its habitat, such that it can reliably be used to infer which zone the animal lives in? 1. its food source 2. its coloring 3. its shape 4. its size

2. its coloring

A travel magazine article advises its readers to wear sunscreen while flying on an airplane, to help protect their skin from harmful UV radiation. What can readers infer from this information? 1. most planes fly above the ozone layer 2. most planes fly through the ozone layer 3. most planes fly below the ozone layer 4. most planes fly around the ozone layer

2. most planes fly through the ozone layer

Lucia reads that in the ocean the pressure per square inch increases by 14.5 pounds for every 33 feet below the surface. She calculates that the total pressure on a diver at 132 feet below the surface would be 58 pounds per square inch (psi). What mistake is Lucia making? 1. not accounting for the change in water temperature 2. not including the atmospheric pressure at sea level 3. not considering the direction the diver is swimming in 4. not adding the extra pressure from tides and waves

2. not including the atmospheric pressure at sea level

Which organism forms the basis of food webs in the ocean? 1. seaweed 2. phytoplankton 3. shellfish 4. bottom-feeding fish

2. phytoplankton

As water cycles between Earth's atmosphere and its surface, what factor plays the greatest role in determining the type of precipitation that returns the water to Earth? 1. the level of humidity 2. the atmospheric temperature 3. how long it has been in the atmosphere 4. the geological features of the land

2. the atmospheric temperature

What characteristics of the lower mantle causes it to contain more liquid than sections in the upper mantle? 1. the type of rock from which it is made. 2. the intense heat from the core 3. the lower pressure 4. the gaps filled in with hardened magma

2. the intense heat from the core.

What is the latitude of the North Pole? 1. 0° N 2. 45° N 3. 90° N 4. 180° N

3. 90° N

What is the main difference between a food web and a food chain? 1. A food web organizes all of the organisms in an ecosystem by size. 2. A food web shows all organisms that live in water but not on land. 3. A food web includes all the predator/prey relationships in an ecosystem. 4. A food web highlights organisms that are part of the environment, such as plants.

3. A food web includes all the predator/prey relationships in an ecosystem.

A wave reflected off a cliff wall is interfering with a wave moving inland. The reflected wave has an amplitude of five feet and the incoming wave has an amplitude of one foot. If the crest of the reflected wave meets the trough of the incoming wave, what will happen with the resulting wave? 1. Constructive interference: the amplitude will be greater than one foot . 2. Constructive interference: the amplitude will be greater than five feet. 3. Destructive interference: the amplitude will be greater than one foot. 4. Destructive interference: the amplitude will be greater than five feet.

3. Destructive interference: the amplitude will be greater than one foot.

Jamal is conducting an experiment in his science lab on the interaction of heat and water. What will he MOST likely observe? 1. Heat changes the polarity of water. 2. Heat changes the state of water from liquid to solid. 3. Heat changes the state of water from solid to liquid. 4. Heat reduces energy in water molecules.

3. Heat changes the state of water from solid to liquid.

Makayla is taking a guided tour of an estuary that is part of a nature preserve. The tour guide says that the estuary has much more flounder than any other species of fish, and Makayla thinks this must mean that the ecosystem is unbalanced. What is the BEST explanation of why she is wrong? 1. Ecosystems in nature preserves are always balanced because they are protected. 2. Every marine ecosystem has one fish species that is an apex predator of the others. 3. Interference competition and varying population sizes help balance ecosystems. 4. Estuaries lack the intraspecific competition that causes unequal population sizes.

3. Interference competition and varying population sizes help balance ecosystems.

Amir is asked to read this data chart on the Earth's layers and temperature. Which layer represents the inner core? TABLE CONTENTS: L1: Temp Range: 4400-6100 deg. C Average Density: 11.1 Composition: liquid nickel and iron L2: Temp Range: 200-400 deg. C Average Density: 3.0 Composition: solid rock L3 Temp Range: 5k-7k deg. C Average Density: 12.8 Composition: solid nickel and iron L4: Temp Range: 500-4k deg. C Average Density: 4.5 Composition: molten rock ANSWER CHOICES: 1. Layer 1 2. Layer 2 3. Layer 3 4. Layer 4

3. Layer 3

How does high altitude affect climate and weather? 1. Rain is very rare. 2. Flooding is more likely. 3. Temperatures are lower. 4. There is very little wind.

3. Temperatures are lower.

What is the BEST argument for why Earth's water cycle is a closed system? 1. The system converts and transfers the energy from the sun. 2. The system cycles water by converting it into different forms. 3. The total amount of water in the system does not change. 4. The system does not impact or interact with other solar systems.

3. The total amount of water in the system does not change.

The air, soil, water, light, salinity, and temperatures in an ecosystem all influence which organisms can survive and/or thrive in it. What is the BEST conclusion that can be drawn from this fact? 1. There is intense competition among organisms in an abiotic ecosystem. 2. There are many different physical, or nonliving, elements in a biotic ecosystem. 3. There abiotic and biotic elements of an ecosystem interact with each other. 4. The biotic elements of an ecosystem are more important than the abiotic ones

3. There abiotic and biotic elements of an ecosystem interact with each other.

Which is the BEST explanation of the role that marine organisms play in the cycling of atmospheric gases through oceans? 1. They cycle oxygen and carbon through their respiration (breathing). 2. They cycle oxygen and carbon through their consumption and digestion. 3. They cycle carbon and nitrogen through food webs and their decomposition. 4. They cycle hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen through all their life processes.

3. They cycle carbon and nitrogen through food webs and their decomposition.

Minh is standing in the mouth of an estuary and fishing on a sunny day. He feels a sudden wave pushing him forward, deeper into the estuary and closer to the shore. What phenomenon is Minh MOST likely experiencing? 1. a meteorological tide 2. the onset of low tide 3. a tidal current 4. a thermohaline current

3. a tidal current

What is an example of an environment where secondary succession is often found? 1. estuaries 2. tidal pools 3. coral reef 4. slow-tide zones

3. coral reefs

In the United States, during which season is the moon's pull the strongest? 1. spring 2. summer 3. fall 4. winter

3. fall

Which of these liquids is likely to have the lowest flow velocity? 1. milk 2. hot tea 3. honey 4. cold water

3. honey

In this diagram, the presence of _____ identifies this boundary as a divergent boundary. 1. a rift valley 2. oceanic crust 3. magma 4. asthenosphere

3. magma

What is the relationship between the anemone and the boxer crab an example of? 1. mimicry 2. parasitism 3. mutualism 4. commensalism

3. mutualism

Given the role that decomposers play in food chains, where in the ocean would you expect to find MOST of these types of organisms? 1. in the twilight zone 2. in the midnight zone 3. on the ocean floor 4. throughout the entire water column

3. on the ocean floor

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 representing a neutral pH. Under normal conditions, what is the typical pH of most ocean water? 1. 7 (neutral) 2. slightly less than 7 (acidic) 3. slightly greater than 7 (alkaline/basic) 4. ranging from 10-14 (highly acidic)

3. slightly greater than 7 (alkaline/basic)

In what form is water always present in Earth's lower atmosphere, even on sunny days? 1. fog 2. dew 3. water vapor 4. clouds

3. water vapor

When Atlantic cod entered the Baltic Sea, which population dramatically increased? 1. fish similar to cod 2. herring 3. zooplankton 4. phytoplankton

3. zooplankton

Zahara is using the scientific method to study sea turtles and their migration. After she has developed her hypothesis, what is the next step she should complete in the scientific method? 1. Prepare a conclusion. 2. Ask questions. 3. Describe it as a theory. 4. Conduct experiments.

4. Conduct experiments

What does the diagram show about the relationship between temperature and common ocean currents? 1. The longitude of an area influences the temperature of the nearby oceans. 2. Higher altitudes will have cooler temperatures. 3. Ocean currents around the equator are the warmest. 4. Currents push warm water deeper, where it becomes colder, sinks, and moves in a new direction.

4. Currents push warm water deeper, where it becomes colder, sinks, and moves in a new direction.

Which of these statements accurately describes the equator? 1. It runs parallel to the prime meridian. 2. It defines the Eastern and Western hemispheres. 3. It indicates the direction of major ocean currents. 4. It divides the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

4. It divides the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

What distinguishes population ecology from other areas of marine science? 1. It focuses on how the species that live in a given area have evolved. 2. It focuses on the physical characteristics of the area in which species live. 3. It focuses on how marine organisms socialize and form populations. 4. It focuses on how marine populations interact with their environment.

4. It focuses on how marine populations interact with their environment.

Why do high tides occur every 12 hours and 25 minutes in most places? 1. Variations in the land and depth of water make the tides uneven from place to place. 2. Variations in the speed at which Earth rotates makes tides take longer to arrive in some seasons. 3. It takes 24 hours and 50 minutes for the Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis. 4. It takes 12 hours and 25 minutes for a place on Earth to rotate between the tidal bulges.

4. It takes 12 hours and 25 minutes for a place on Earth to rotate between the tidal bulges.

Megan reads that ocean waves move in two dimensions and thinks these dimensions are longitude and latitude. What mistake is she making? 1. Latitude and longitude are used more often for places on land than at sea. 2. All types of waves are 3D, or move in three dimensions, in the real world. 3. The direction in which waves travel is considered to be a third dimension. 4. The dimensions are the height and length of the waves within the ocean bed.

4. The dimensions are the height and length of the waves within the ocean bed.

Scientists have observed that the oldest fossils found on the seafloor are no more than about 180 million years old while marine fossils in rock layers found in the Grand Canyon are 740 million to 1,200 million years old. These observations provide the BEST evidence for which principle of plate tectonics? 1. Oceanic crust rises at mid-oceanic trenches. 2. Ocean crust subducts other pieces of Earth's crust at convergent boundaries. 3. New trenches are continually being formed at divergent boundaries. 4. The seafloor is continuously recycled at mid-oceanic trenches.

4. The seafloor is continuously recycled at mid-oceanic trenches.

Lucia says that the amount of life that can exist in any part of the ocean depends mostly on its distance below the water's surface. What is the main reason that Lucia is correct? 1. There are more consumers in the upper zones than in the lower ones. 2. There are fewer predators in the lower zones than in the upper ones. 3. The water temperature becomes less hospitable as the depth increases. 4. The sunlight that enables photosynthesis can only reach a certain depth.

4. The sunlight that enables photosynthesis can only reach a certain depth.

The structure of a water molecule is MOST similar to what shape? 1. circle 2. square 3. polygon 4. triangle

4. Triangle

Over time, some of the decaying organic matter and sediment on the ocean floor may be converted into fossil fuels (oil and gas). How does this stored carbon get released back into the carbon cycle? 1. as bicarbonate when it is reabsorbed 2. as calcium carbonate when it fossilizes 3. as carbon monoxide when it is mined 4. as carbon dioxide when it is burned

4. as carbon dioxide when it is burned

Which properties of water explain why it can be so destructive in heavy rains or floods? 1. solubility and adhesion 2. hydrophilia and cohesion 3. bipolarity and solubility 4. cohesion and adhesion

4. cohesion and adhesion

The Portuguese man o' war is a marine animal that looks like a jellyfish and has stinging, venomous tentacles that help it capture prey. The shepherd fish is also called the man-of-war fish because it is immune to this venom and can live among the man o' war's tentacles for protection. What is this type of relationship called? 1. mimicry 2. parasitism 3. mutualism 4. commensalism

4. commensalism

All of the following are apex predators EXCEPT: 1. some cod. 2. polar bears. 3. killer whales. 4. phytoplankton.

4. phytoplankton.

What marine science research triggered the discovery of the spreading and movement of the plates of the ocean? 1. analyzing seismic waves 2. deep continental drilling 3. detailed geologic mapping 4. submarine mapping of the ocean floor

4. submarine mapping of the ocean floor

A tide pool is a shallow pool of water in the intertidal zone that is uncovered and left behind when the water above it goes out at low tide. Based on this information, what is probably the most extreme shift in environmental conditions that the organisms living in a tide pool must deal with? 1. living space, since all the organisms outside the pool crawl into it at low tide 2. exposure to air, since the water above the pool is suddenly lost at low tide 3. salinity, since all the freshwater is carried out to sea with the low tide 4. temperature, since the shallow water left at low tide warms and cools quickly

4. temperature, since the shallow water left at low tide warms and cools quickly

The flow of water through a faucet is affected by all of the following, EXCEPT: 1. the diameter (width) of the pipe. 2. the amount of water supplied. 3. the amount of pressure applied. 4. the location inside or outside the house.

4. the location inside or outside the house.

The vertical zones of the open ocean differ in all the following ways EXCEPT: 1. the amount of oxygen in the water. 2. the level of sunlight penetration. 3. the amount of hydrostatic pressure. 4. the presence of living organisms.

4. the presence of living organisms.

What is located at 0° longitude? 1. the equator 2. the equilibrium 3. the North Pole. 4. the prime meridian

4. the prime meridian

How are nitrates from the ocean floor returned to the ocean surface? 1. through swimming microorganisms 2. through marine plants 3. through marine animals 4. through upwellings

4. through upwellings