Exam 2 A&P 1

The vertebral column is stabilized by _________.

Anterior longitudinal Posterior longitudinal ligaments Supraspinous ligaments

What is contained in the medullary cavity of long bones?

Bone marrow

After experiencing third-degree burns, what is the first consequential threat to life? (hint: what will cause the death of a patient first and foremost to anyone!)

Catastrophic fluid loss

Which of the following structures is not included in the thoracic cage?

Clavicle

What type of fracture occurs when the position of the end bones are out of normal alignment?

Displaced

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin

Erythrocytes/ Red blood cell formation

Which statement best describes how constant exercise would change the likelihood of osteoporosis in older women?

Exercise at any age increases bone density, which is decreased by osteoporosis.

True or False: Red marrow is the primary site of triglyceride storage

False

Predict what would happen if the epiphyseal plate never ossified

Long bones would continue growing in length

What is the importance of melanin in the integumentary system?

Melanin provides protection against the damaging effects of UV radiation

When considering joints anatomy, sometimes strength/ stability of the joint is sacrificed for what?

Movement/flexibility

What type of fracture occurs when the skin is penetrated by the bone fracture?

Open/Compound

What type of cells are found in bones, that form and secrete unmineralized bone matrix around themselves?

Osteoblast

What type of cells are found in bones, which arise from macrophages, and function in resorption and breakdown of bone matrix?

Osteoclast

What type of cells are found in bones, which are mature bone cells in lacunae, no longer dividing but main function is to maintain bone matrix?

Osteocytes

Compare the function of osteoclast to osteocytes

Osteocytes maintain existing bone, while osteoclasts resorb bone.

What type of cells are found in the endosteum and periosteum of bones, act as stem cells, mitotically active, and differentiate into osteoblast or bone-lining cells?

Osteogenic cells

Which Bone disorder results in bone mass decline, due to bone resorption exceeding deposit? (Hint: typically associated with older/advanced age)

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is a function of the skin

Protection Cutaneous sensation Regulation of Body temp. Excretion of waste

In synovial joint what is the purpose of synovial fluid?

Reduces friction

________ is a type of bone disorder that causes poorly mineralized in children, resulting in bowed legs and other bone deformities

Rickets

_______ is a type of abnormal spinal curvature causing a lateral ( Side to side) rotation of the spin.

Scoliosis

What passes through the foramen magnum?

Spinal cord

Is a type of injuries where ligaments are stretched or torn but the bone remains in place ?

Sprain

Which Stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for cell division, and regenerating the more superficial layers?

Stratum Basale

What type of fibrous joint that is found between the bones of the cranium?

Suture

Which of the following statements best differentiates the difference between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a bone

The diaphysis is the middle portion of long bones, while the epiphysis is the end of long bones.

Skin burns are classified as being first, second, or third degree, where the third-degree burns are the most severe. Areas of skin suffering from third-degree burns have lost all touch sensitivity. Knowing this, the burn has affected

The epidermis and dermis

What is the main difference between male and female pelvises?

The female pelvis are wider & shallower, having a larger pelvic inlet and outlet

Which statement best describes the difference between thick and thin skin?

The stratum lucidum is only found in thick skin.

Predict what would happen if humans had no hair at all on their bodies.

There would be increased friction between moving body structures

Why do keratinocytes die once they reach the top of the epidermis?

They are cut from nutrients

True or False: Weakness in rotator cuff muscles can lead to shoulder subluxation/dislocation?

True

The hypodermal layer is also referred to as the ______.

adipose layer

Over-activity of osteoclasts would have which of the following effects?

bone loss, possibly leading to osteoporosis

Stretch marks are the result of______ tearing due to pregnancy or extreme weight gain

elastic fibers

Which of the following would you only expect to find in a child's bones?

epiphyseal plate

A newborn baby's head was able to fit through the vaginal canal partly due to _____ in the skull.

fontanels

The epiphyses of long bones are covered by ________.

hyaline cartilage

What is the most common cell type within the epidermis?

keratinocytes

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer manifesting as asymmetrical brown or black irregular patches on the skin. These are caused by the uncontrolled cell growth of these pigment-producing cells

melanocytes

The process of new bone formation is referred to as _______.

osteogenesis

Which of the following is the basic functional unit of compact bone?

osteon

X-ray imaging shows an abnormally increased distance between the acromion and humeral head. This patient probably has a/an ______ due to ______.

painful shoulder; subluxation/dislocation

Acne commonly arises during puberty for many teenagers, due to increased ________ production. This, in turn, makes the skin more oily and can block hair follicles, which potentially become infected.

sebum

Which of the following is NOT a function of an intervertebral disc?

site of blood vessel entry into spinal cord

What are the two different types of bone tissue?

spongy and compact

Candace is pan-frying some chicken over the stovetop on high heat when she accidentally bumps the edge of her hand onto the pan. After running the burned area over cooled water, she notices that the area has begun to blister(2nd-degree burn). This is due to damage between which two layers?

stratum basale and dermal papillary

Friction-free movement is made possible in _______ joints due to _____.

synovial; synovial fluid and hyaline cartilage together

Which of the following is the best definition of the axial skeleton

the skull, rib cage, and vertebrae

Which of the following is NOT a normal function of the skeletal system?

to provide a reservoir of calcium and phosphate