NFS 1110 Chapter 1

What is viewed as the most valuable source of nutrition information?

Advice from a registered dietitian

Which of the following yields energy but is not considered a nutrient?

Alcohol

Eating turkey on Thanksgiving is an example of making a food choice based on?

Cultural and family background

In a controlled study, if neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment, the study is called a(an)?

Double blind study

Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is?

Eating foods that have been minimally processed, consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided, limiting added fats and sugars.

Under-nutrition does not include?

Eating too much saturated fat

How does malnutrition impact our health?

Energy deficiency can cause poor growth

Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year. The amount of vitamin C consumed with the students' incidences of colds. This is an example of a(an)?

Epidemiological study

One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables, and dairy foods. The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of a(an)?

Epidemiological study

What is true about the scientific method?

Experimental results may or may not prove the hypothesis to be true

Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. This stable state is called?

Homeostasis

When evaluating a nutritional study, what is the least important factor?

How many researchers were involved in the study

________ protects human subjects in a study and limits the types of procedures that can be performed on them?

Informed consent

What is true about the typical American diet?

Intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed than expended

Which of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial?

It helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research

The energy provided by foods is measured in?

Kilocalories

What describes a correct function of nutrients?

Lipids can be used as regulatory molecules

Where do most people in the US get their nutrition information?

Mass media, i.e., television, magazines and newspapers

Which of the following nutrients are NOT organic molecules? a) Carbohydrates b) Lipids c) Proteins d) Minerals

Minerals

Why is eating a variety of foods important?

No one food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health

A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as?

Nutrient density

What is true about nutrients?

Nutrients must be supplied in the diet to support life

The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called?

Nutrigenomics

What is true about our present eating habits?

Our modern food supply includes an endless assortment of eating options

Researchers are interested in whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory. A study is designed in which two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical. Group A receives capsules containing caffeine and Group B receives capsules containing powdered sugar. Group B is being given a:

Placebo

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to _______ compared to freshly prepared foods.

Provide more kcalories, contain fewer nutrients, be higher in fat, sugar or salt

What function is performed by members of all six classes of nutrients?

Regulate body processes

What is not a true statement about nutritional studies using animals?

Results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans

What food types is typically consumed by Americans today in excessive amounts?

Salty and sugary

The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to?

Selecting appropriate portion sizes

What information would determine the validity of a nutrition claim?

The study was published in peer-reviewed journals

Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient? a) Carbohydrate b) Fat c) Protein d) Vitamins

Vitamins

What is the least likely to affect food choices?

Weather

What conditions do not represent a state of malnutrition?

Weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity

What is a placebo?

A fake medicine that is indistinguishable from the real thing

What is an example of anecdotal information?

A famous runner reports having more energy after eating a certain type of power bar

What is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory?

A hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning

What would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements?

A pamphlet published by the health food store

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is?

A phytochemical

What describes a hypothesis?

An educated guess made to explain an observation

An adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if?

An individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements

A processed food is defined as?

Any food that has been changed from its natural state

Comparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted is a characteristic of a (an)?

Balance study

What is the name of the study that compares nutrient intake with its excretion?

Balance study

What classes of nutrients provide energy?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" refers to?

Choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups

When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do, the study is called?

Single blind

What is likely to limit the availability of food?

Socioeconomic status Health status Where a person lives

What is a common source of anecdotal evidence?

Testimony of individuals

Continued acceptance of a scientific theory depends on?

The ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results

What is true about our food choices?

The foods we are exposed to as children influence what foods we eat as adults

What guideline has been developed to protect the rights of humans and animals used in experimental research?

The study must first be reviewed by a committee of scientists and non-scientists

The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is?

make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory