NFS 1110 Chapter 4
Dietary fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by?
1) Binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract 2) Blocking reabsorption of bile acids in the GI tract 3) Inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver
Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained?
1) Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents 2) Fiber decreases transit time 3) Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidants vitamins
What is true of colon cancer?
1) High fiber and whole grain intake may reduce the risk 2) Changes in DNA underlie the development of colonic tumors 3) Environmental carcinogens are thought to cause many cancers
What condition(s) is likely to increase ketone production?
1) Untreated diabetes 2) Starvation 3) A very low carbohydrate diet
The daily value for dietary fiber is 25 grams in a 2000 kilocalorie diet. A slice of whole-wheat bread is 8% of the daily value. The slice of whole-wheat bread contains how much fiber?
2 grams
A 2000 calorie diet in which carbohydrate provides 50% of the calories would provide how many grams of carbohydrate?
250
The breakdown of dietary carbohydrates releases ________ kcal/g of energy.
4
Carbohydrates provide 60% of the energy in Jimmy John's diet of 2700 kilocalories. This represents how many grams of carbohydrate?
405
The AMDR for carbohydrate intake for a healthy diet has been set at __ of the total energy required.
45-65%
Sucrose is composed of?
A molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose
In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content?
A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydates
Diabetes is best characterized by?
Abnormally high blood glucose levels
One possible adverse effect of excessive fiber consumption is?
Decreased absorption of nutrients, like calcium and iron
A well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake is?
Dental caries
A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing?
Diverticular Disease
Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?
Endosperm
The most important determinant for developing lactose intolerance is?
Ethnic background
What is a sequence that represents a monoscaaharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide?
Fructose, sucrose, starch
Fructose is found mostly in?
Fruits and vegetables
The ___________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.
Glycemic Index
The ______________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.
Glycemic Index
Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase ______ stores.
Glycogen
What is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
Glycogen
What is a long-term complication of diabetes?
Heart disease
The structure of glycogen includes?
Highly branched chains
What food would not be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant?
Ice cream
Lactose intolerance is caused by?
Inadequate production of the enzyme lactase
What is true about lactose intolerance?
Incidence of lactose intolerance depends on racial and ethnic background
Indigestible carbohydrates provide positive health benefits in part by?
Increasing the bulk of the colonic contents
What hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?
Insulin
What is the role of insulin?
It allows glucose to be taken into the cells of the body
What sugar substitute contains phenylalaine, yet is safe for those with phenylketonuria?
Neotame
The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the?
Pancreas
The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by?
Pancreatic hormones
Which of the following foods will cause the fastest glycemic response? a) Plain white bread b) White bread with butter c) White bread with peanut butter d) Whole grain bread
Plain white bread
Dietary fiber promotes a healthy intestinal microflora in part by?
Promoting the production of short fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells
Type 2 diabetes?
Risk increased when the diet is high in refined carbohydrates
What is true about soluble fiber?
Soluble fiber can be found in oats and apples
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that?
Splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
Sugar alcohols are?
Structurally similar to dietary sugars
What is true about Type 1 diabetes?
The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin
Which one of the following foods is the most refined? a) oatmeal b) fresh raspberries c) corn flakes d) baked potato
Corn flakes
Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes?
Antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake
Dental caries, a well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake?
Are caused most often by sucrose in the diet
________ can be a concern for individuals with phenylketonuria.
Aspertame
Carbohydrates promote dental caries by which mechanism?
Bacteria metabolize carbohydrate to form acids, which break down enamel
An oligosaccharide is a?
Carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units
What is the best source of complex carbohydrates?
Cereals and grains
Aerobic metabolism occurs in?
The mitochondria of a cell
What is false about glycogen?
The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels
What is true regarding sugar substitutes?
They help manage blood glucose levels for diabetes
What characteristic is found among indigestible carbohydrates?
They stimulate peristalsis
Which of the following nutrients is not added to enriched grains? a) Thiamin b) Niacin c) Folate d) Vitamin E
Thiamin
What type of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease?
Type 1
Most carbohydrates should come from?
Whole foods
What is true about food made from whole grains?
Whole grain foods contain bran, germ, and endosperm
Aspartame?
a) An artificial sweetener b) Consists of two amino acids linked together c) Is often found in soft drinks
Which of the following is the best source of dietary fiber? a) 2 scrambled eggs b) 1 small doughnut c) 1 Fiber One bar d) 1 cup of broccoli
c) 1 Fiber One bar
Of the following foods, ________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch? a) apples b) chilled, cooked potatoes c) whole grain bread d) oatmeal
chilled, cooked potatoes
Dietary fiber is categorized by?
its solubility in water