NFS 1110 Chapter 4

Dietary fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by?

1) Binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract 2) Blocking reabsorption of bile acids in the GI tract 3) Inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained?

1) Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents 2) Fiber decreases transit time 3) Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidants vitamins

What is true of colon cancer?

1) High fiber and whole grain intake may reduce the risk 2) Changes in DNA underlie the development of colonic tumors 3) Environmental carcinogens are thought to cause many cancers

What condition(s) is likely to increase ketone production?

1) Untreated diabetes 2) Starvation 3) A very low carbohydrate diet

The daily value for dietary fiber is 25 grams in a 2000 kilocalorie diet. A slice of whole-wheat bread is 8% of the daily value. The slice of whole-wheat bread contains how much fiber?

2 grams

A 2000 calorie diet in which carbohydrate provides 50% of the calories would provide how many grams of carbohydrate?

250

The breakdown of dietary carbohydrates releases ________ kcal/g of energy.

4

Carbohydrates provide 60% of the energy in Jimmy John's diet of 2700 kilocalories. This represents how many grams of carbohydrate?

405

The AMDR for carbohydrate intake for a healthy diet has been set at __ of the total energy required.

45-65%

Sucrose is composed of?

A molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content?

A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydates

Diabetes is best characterized by?

Abnormally high blood glucose levels

One possible adverse effect of excessive fiber consumption is?

Decreased absorption of nutrients, like calcium and iron

A well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake is?

Dental caries

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing?

Diverticular Disease

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?

Endosperm

The most important determinant for developing lactose intolerance is?

Ethnic background

What is a sequence that represents a monoscaaharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide?

Fructose, sucrose, starch

Fructose is found mostly in?

Fruits and vegetables

The ___________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.

Glycemic Index

The ______________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.

Glycemic Index

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase ______ stores.

Glycogen

What is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?

Glycogen

What is a long-term complication of diabetes?

Heart disease

The structure of glycogen includes?

Highly branched chains

What food would not be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant?

Ice cream

Lactose intolerance is caused by?

Inadequate production of the enzyme lactase

What is true about lactose intolerance?

Incidence of lactose intolerance depends on racial and ethnic background

Indigestible carbohydrates provide positive health benefits in part by?

Increasing the bulk of the colonic contents

What hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?

Insulin

What is the role of insulin?

It allows glucose to be taken into the cells of the body

What sugar substitute contains phenylalaine, yet is safe for those with phenylketonuria?

Neotame

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the?

Pancreas

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by?

Pancreatic hormones

Which of the following foods will cause the fastest glycemic response? a) Plain white bread b) White bread with butter c) White bread with peanut butter d) Whole grain bread

Plain white bread

Dietary fiber promotes a healthy intestinal microflora in part by?

Promoting the production of short fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells

Type 2 diabetes?

Risk increased when the diet is high in refined carbohydrates

What is true about soluble fiber?

Soluble fiber can be found in oats and apples

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that?

Splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

Sugar alcohols are?

Structurally similar to dietary sugars

What is true about Type 1 diabetes?

The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin

Which one of the following foods is the most refined? a) oatmeal b) fresh raspberries c) corn flakes d) baked potato

Corn flakes

Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes?

Antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake

Dental caries, a well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake?

Are caused most often by sucrose in the diet

________ can be a concern for individuals with phenylketonuria.

Aspertame

Carbohydrates promote dental caries by which mechanism?

Bacteria metabolize carbohydrate to form acids, which break down enamel

An oligosaccharide is a?

Carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units

What is the best source of complex carbohydrates?

Cereals and grains

Aerobic metabolism occurs in?

The mitochondria of a cell

What is false about glycogen?

The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels

What is true regarding sugar substitutes?

They help manage blood glucose levels for diabetes

What characteristic is found among indigestible carbohydrates?

They stimulate peristalsis

Which of the following nutrients is not added to enriched grains? a) Thiamin b) Niacin c) Folate d) Vitamin E

Thiamin

What type of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease?

Type 1

Most carbohydrates should come from?

Whole foods

What is true about food made from whole grains?

Whole grain foods contain bran, germ, and endosperm

Aspartame?

a) An artificial sweetener b) Consists of two amino acids linked together c) Is often found in soft drinks

Which of the following is the best source of dietary fiber? a) 2 scrambled eggs b) 1 small doughnut c) 1 Fiber One bar d) 1 cup of broccoli

c) 1 Fiber One bar

Of the following foods, ________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch? a) apples b) chilled, cooked potatoes c) whole grain bread d) oatmeal

chilled, cooked potatoes

Dietary fiber is categorized by?

its solubility in water