NFS Final Review Ch 5

Short- and medium-chain fatty acids are absorbed from the intestinal cells directly into the ________.

bloodstream

Elevated LDLs in the blood increase risk for ________.

cardiovascular disease

C-reactive protein (CRP) produces the ________ response and helps predict ________ onset. a) inflammation; stroke b) inflammation; heart attack c) anticoagulant; stroke d) anticoagulant; heart attack

inflammation; heart attack

The AMDR for total fat in the diet is ________ of total kcals.

20-35%

One gram of fat produces ________ kcals.

9

Sarah has elevated LDLs and low HDLs. What foods should she add to her diet to improve her HDL-to-LDL ratio? a) Foods rich in trans fats b) Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids c) Foods rich in plant sterols d) Both b. and c. are correct.

both b and c (foods rich in omega-3 and plant sterols)

HDLs are increased by ________. a) exercise b) diets rich in saturated fatty acids c) weight gain d) smoking

exercise

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) Foods high in cholesterol but low in saturated fatty acids have a lower effect on LDL cholesterol than foods high in saturated fats. b) All cholesterol-containing foods raise the risk for heart disease. c) Substituting margarine (rich in trans fats) for butter can reduce risk for heart disease. d) Avocados and nuts increase risk for heart disease.

foods high in cholesterol but low in saturated fatty acids have a lower effect on LDL cholesterol than foods high in saturated fats

During the formation of atherosclerosis, what occurs immediately after the artery is injured? a) Immune cells are attracted to the site, prompting the inflammatory response. b) Immune cells convert LDLs into foam cells. c) Blood flows unobstructed. d) Plaques that had formed are dislodged and move throughout the blood stream.

immune cells are attracted to the site, prompting the inflammatory response

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the body? a) Insulation b) Provide a source of energy c) Increase intestinal motility d) Transport fat-soluble vitamins

increase intestinal motility

The role of the VLDLs is to transport ________ and ________ away from the liver to the cells.

triglycerides; cholesterol

The three categories of lipids are ________. a) triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids b) short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain c) saturated, unsaturated, and triglycerides d) fat-soluble, water-soluble, and insoluble

triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids

The lipoprotein that carries triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols from the intestine via the lymphatic system is ________.

a micelle

Foods rich in polyunsaturated fats are protected from oxidation by ________. a) adding antioxidants b) reducing exposure to oxygen c) hydrogenation d) all of the above

all of the above (adding antioxidants, reducing exposure to oxygen, hydrogenation)

Omega-3 fatty acids ________. a) have the first double bond on the sixth carbon from the omega end b) are also known as linoleic acid c) are essential fatty acids d) are solid at room temperature

are essential fatty acids

Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to buildup of debris along the artery walls is known as ________.

atherosclerosis

The hormone ________ stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder.

cholecystokinin

What is the effect of trans fat on HDL and LDL cholesterol? a) Increase HDL, increase LDL b) Decrease HDL, increase LDL c) Increase HDL, decrease LDL d) There is no effect.

decrease HDL, increase LDL

________ determines the function of each lipoprotein.

density

________ break down triglycerides into a monoglyceride and two fatty acids.

lipases

The primary role of HDL is to pick up cholesterol from the body cells and return it to the _______ to be used to make bile.

liver

Which of the following examples are rich in omega-3 fatty acids? a) Carrots, squash, green beans b) Almonds, wheat germ, avocado c) Salmon, walnuts, flaxseed d) Eggs, chicken wings, liver

salmon, walnuts, flaxseed

Which statement about saturated fatty acids is TRUE? a) Saturated fats have two or more double bonds. b) Saturated fats have no double bonds. c) Saturated fats are liquid at room temperature. d) Saturated fats have a low melting point.

saturated fats have no double bonds

Lipids are digested in the ________.

small intestine

Which of the following is a controllable risk factor for heart disease? a) Smoking and sedentary lifestyle b) Age and gender c) Family history of heart disease d) Type 1 diabetes

smoking and sedentary lifestyle

Which of the following foods is rich in saturated fatty acids? a) Nuts b) Steak c) Canola oil d) Flaxseed

steak