Ninth Grade Literature EOCT Review 2

Mood

Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader

imagery

Language that an author uses that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste).

narrative

a STORY; it can be fiction or nonfiction

theme

a universal statement about life and/or society that can be discerned from the reading of a text

ethos

an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader.

informational writing

expository

active voice

"I broke the window." direct, taking responsibility

passive voice

"The person who broke the window was me." Action verbs that show the subject passively being acted upon.

anecdote

A brief, entertaining account of an interesting incident

antagonist

A character or force in conflict with the main character

flat character

A character who is not very well developed; has few identifiable characteristics

dialogue

A conversation between two or more characters

hyperbole

A figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or humorous effects. Ex: "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."

irony

A form of speech intended to convey the opposite of the actual meaning of the words

index

A list at the end of a book that shows where certain topics appear throughout the book.

glossary

A list of definitions for difficult or specialized words used in a book.

Epic Poetry

A long narrative poem about the adventures or an almost superhuman character. (The Odyssey)

semicolon

A mark of punctuation that acts as a full stop in a sentence; separates independent clauses in a sentence

Connotation

A meaning of associated idea with a word; the word's "feeling"

foreshadowing

A narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.

Third Person Point of View

A narrator outside the action narrates the events using pronouns like "he", "his", "she", "her", and "they".

Internal Conflict

A person struggling with some kind of internal pressure. Internal conflicts are not always evident on the character;s exterior.

symbolism

A person, place or object which has a meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well.

primary source

A record of events by someone who participated in or witnessed the events directly. These sources are called primary because they would be the first recorded, and the most related to a topic or an incident in time.

almanac

A reference text that has collections of facts from year to year.

thesaurus

A reference text that shows words that have just about the same or opposite meaning as the chosen word.

allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

idiom

A saying or expression specific to speakers of a particular language

plot

A series of related events in a story, each connected to the next.

Dramatic Irony

A situation where the audience knows more than a character on stage.

dynamic character

A type of character who changes throughout the story, drama, or novel

allegory

A work of literature that has a second, usually moral or spiritual meaning

tone

Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character

protagonist

Chief character in a dramatic or narrative work, usually trying to accomplish some objective or working toward some goal.

Dictionary definition of a word.

Denotation

rising action

Events leading up to the climax.

Hyperbole

Exaggerating or stretching the truth for literary effect (an over reaction).

appendix (in a book)

Extra information at the back of the book.

What are the different types of External conflict?

Person vs. person - physical fight between two characters Person vs. nature - person trying to survive against the elements Person vs. society - person trying to go against society's norms or rules Person vs. machine - usually person vs. technology

falling action; denouement

The action that follows the climax as the plot winds down.

Second Person Point of View

The narrator addresses the reader using the word "you". (You were about to make the wrong decision when a surge of pure instinct caused you to say the answer)

First Person Point of View

The narrator is a character in the story. pronouns such as "I" and "me" or "my(self)" are used as an indication. (The adrenaline in my body was pumping. There was 3 seconds on the clock and I needed a 3 pointer to win my team the tournament)

climax

The turning point in a story; usually (but not always), the point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest

dictionary

Where you find definitions of words

modifiers

Words that describe a noun that can include adjectives, verbs and nouns themselves.

metaphor

a fig. of speech that says one thing IS another different thing, whether it's similar or not.

simile

a figure of speech that says one thing is LIKE another different thing. Uses like or as.

argumentative/persuasive writing

a written attempt to change an audience's mind or get audience to agree with the writer

Logos

an appeal based on logic or reason

personification

an inanimate object that is endowed with human qualities or abilities in writing. Ex: "The cupcakes in the basket were begging me to eat them, so I did."

pathos

emotional appeal

dramatic irony

facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work

Imagery

language that appeals to the senses

conflict

struggle between opposing forces. Man vs. Man, Man vs. society, Man vs. himself Man vs. supernatural and Man vs. nature.

alliteration

the repetition of initial sounds of words in a row. Ex: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

irony

the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Often confused with coincidence. Subgenres: sarcasm, dramatic irony, situational irony, cosmic irony

round character

this character is fully developed - the writer reveals good and bad traits as well as background

static character

A character that does not change