normal nutrition ch 7

Proteins serve which of the following fuctions?

-proteins regulate and maintain essential body functions -proteins play a role in enzyme and hormone production -proteins aid in cell synthesis

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

-pump ions into and out of cells -serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

What is the RDA for protein?

0.8 g/kg

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that protein intake does not exceed ___% of energy intake

35

Proteins supply the body with about ___ kilocalories per gram

4

Proteins, while not typically used for supplying daily calorie needs, can supply the body with ___ kcal per gram.

4

Gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. Calculate his recommended daily intake for protein.

56 grams 70 kg x 0.8 g protein/kg = 56 g

What is the term used for building blocks of proteins?

amino acids

Proteins from ___ are considered to be a good source of all 9 essential amino adis

animals

Identify a key component of the immune system.

antibody proteins

This is a measurement of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.

biological value

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies ____

calorie deficiency, lack of nutrients

Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ____ than animal source protein.

cholesterol, saturated fat

Diets containing excessive amounts of protein ____ provide additional health benefits.

do not

vegan

does not consume any animal products

Although a vegan may be getting adequate total protein, what specific type of protein may be deficient in their diet?

high biological value

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ____, such as insulin and glucagon.

hormones

A person's health will deteriorate if ____ amounts of protein are consumes

inadequate

Which of the following foods would a lacto-ovo vegetarian consume?

milk, eggs, fruit

North Americans consume ____ protein from animal sources in comparison to people from other countries.

more

A(n) ______ amino acid, sometimes called dispensable, is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts

nonessential

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

nonessential

Amino acids needs can be met _____

over the course of the day

____ proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol

plant

The major sources of protein in many areas of the world, excluding North America, are

plants

The body needs a ____ protein balance when growing recovering from illness or injury

positive

Amino acids are the basic elements used in the synthesis of ____

protein

The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is ____

protein

Which macronutrient is a key component of cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?

protein

A(n) ____ usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.

protein deficiency

Which nutrient plays a vital role in providing structural support to body cells and tissues?

proteins

____ help regulate acid-base balance in the blood

proteins

During the periods of mental stress, physical labor, and routine weekend sports, a person's protein needs _____

remain unchanged

What is the reason why energy needs may not be met in infants and children following a vegetarian or vegan diet?

they consume a diet rich in high fiber, low calorie foods that cause fullness

Which hormone is made only from one amino acid?

thyroid hormone

Which structural proteins make up more than a third of the body protein?

-actin -myosin -collagen

Which of the following individuals requires a positive protein balance?

-adolescent boy during growth spurt -older adult recovering from an illness -middle-aged adult recovering from an injury

Which nutrients are vegans most likely to be low in?

-calcium -zinc -vitamin D vitamin B12

A diet high in animal protein can increase a person's chance of developing ____

-cardiovascular disease -cancer

The RDA for protein would be higher

-during recovery from illness or injury -in highly trained athletes

A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

-foods of animal origin are often high in cholesterol -foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat

Lack of protein can negatively affect many metabolic processes causing _____

-inefficient functioning of the immune system -increased risk of infection

The most common nutritional concerns for infants and children following vegetarian and vegan diets are:

-iron -vitamin B12 -vitamin D

An essential amino acid

-must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur -cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amount

Proteins are ____ need not be consumed at the same meal but can be balanced over the course of a day to provide sufficient essential amino acids.

complementary

Lacto vegeterian

consumes milk

Lacto-ovo vegetarian

consumes milk and eggs

If a food ____, it should allow for efficient incorporation of food-derived amino acids into body protein

contains all 9 essential amino acids

Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ____ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.

equal to

A(n) _____ amino acid, sometimes called indispensable, cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, if at all, and must be included in the diet

essential

Meat, poultry, fish, and eggs are a good source of all 9 _____, or indispensable, amino acids.

essential

Healthy individuals need to consume protein in an amount that replaces the protein lost in ____

feces, hair, urine