normal nutrition ch 7
Proteins serve which of the following fuctions?
-proteins regulate and maintain essential body functions -proteins play a role in enzyme and hormone production -proteins aid in cell synthesis
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
-pump ions into and out of cells -serve as buffers that resist changes in pH
What is the RDA for protein?
0.8 g/kg
The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that protein intake does not exceed ___% of energy intake
35
Proteins supply the body with about ___ kilocalories per gram
4
Proteins, while not typically used for supplying daily calorie needs, can supply the body with ___ kcal per gram.
4
Gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. Calculate his recommended daily intake for protein.
56 grams 70 kg x 0.8 g protein/kg = 56 g
What is the term used for building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
Proteins from ___ are considered to be a good source of all 9 essential amino adis
animals
Identify a key component of the immune system.
antibody proteins
This is a measurement of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.
biological value
Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies ____
calorie deficiency, lack of nutrients
Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ____ than animal source protein.
cholesterol, saturated fat
Diets containing excessive amounts of protein ____ provide additional health benefits.
do not
vegan
does not consume any animal products
Although a vegan may be getting adequate total protein, what specific type of protein may be deficient in their diet?
high biological value
Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ____, such as insulin and glucagon.
hormones
A person's health will deteriorate if ____ amounts of protein are consumes
inadequate
Which of the following foods would a lacto-ovo vegetarian consume?
milk, eggs, fruit
North Americans consume ____ protein from animal sources in comparison to people from other countries.
more
A(n) ______ amino acid, sometimes called dispensable, is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts
nonessential
Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?
nonessential
Amino acids needs can be met _____
over the course of the day
____ proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol
plant
The major sources of protein in many areas of the world, excluding North America, are
plants
The body needs a ____ protein balance when growing recovering from illness or injury
positive
Amino acids are the basic elements used in the synthesis of ____
protein
The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is ____
protein
Which macronutrient is a key component of cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?
protein
A(n) ____ usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.
protein deficiency
Which nutrient plays a vital role in providing structural support to body cells and tissues?
proteins
____ help regulate acid-base balance in the blood
proteins
During the periods of mental stress, physical labor, and routine weekend sports, a person's protein needs _____
remain unchanged
What is the reason why energy needs may not be met in infants and children following a vegetarian or vegan diet?
they consume a diet rich in high fiber, low calorie foods that cause fullness
Which hormone is made only from one amino acid?
thyroid hormone
Which structural proteins make up more than a third of the body protein?
-actin -myosin -collagen
Which of the following individuals requires a positive protein balance?
-adolescent boy during growth spurt -older adult recovering from an illness -middle-aged adult recovering from an injury
Which nutrients are vegans most likely to be low in?
-calcium -zinc -vitamin D vitamin B12
A diet high in animal protein can increase a person's chance of developing ____
-cardiovascular disease -cancer
The RDA for protein would be higher
-during recovery from illness or injury -in highly trained athletes
A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because
-foods of animal origin are often high in cholesterol -foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat
Lack of protein can negatively affect many metabolic processes causing _____
-inefficient functioning of the immune system -increased risk of infection
The most common nutritional concerns for infants and children following vegetarian and vegan diets are:
-iron -vitamin B12 -vitamin D
An essential amino acid
-must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur -cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amount
Proteins are ____ need not be consumed at the same meal but can be balanced over the course of a day to provide sufficient essential amino acids.
complementary
Lacto vegeterian
consumes milk
Lacto-ovo vegetarian
consumes milk and eggs
If a food ____, it should allow for efficient incorporation of food-derived amino acids into body protein
contains all 9 essential amino acids
Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ____ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.
equal to
A(n) _____ amino acid, sometimes called indispensable, cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, if at all, and must be included in the diet
essential
Meat, poultry, fish, and eggs are a good source of all 9 _____, or indispensable, amino acids.
essential
Healthy individuals need to consume protein in an amount that replaces the protein lost in ____
feces, hair, urine