NRS222 Mental health and mental illness

Resilience is characteristic of mental health that allows people to adapt to tragedies, trauma, and loss. Which client behavior demonstrates this characteristic?

"Losing my job was hard but my skills will help me get another one." Resilience is a characteristic that helps individuals cope with loss and trauma that may occur in life. Dependence is described as relying on others for decision making and care. Pessimism is a life philosophy that things are more likely to go wrong than right. Altruism is described as putting others before yourself.

A new nurse has accepted a position as staff nurse on a psychiatric unit. Which statement made by the new nurse requires additional instructions regarding the therapies provided on the unit?

"You will attend a psychotherapy group that I lead that will help you care for yourself." Basic level RNs cannot perform psychotherapy. The other options are all appropriate expectations of a patient's schedule on a psychiatric unit.

Stigma

The belief that the overall person if flawed and is characterized by social shunning, disgrace, and shame.

A 29-year-old patient has been admitted following a suicide attempt. Which nursing statement illustrates the concept of patient advocacy?

"Dr. Raye, I notice you ordered fluoxetine for this patient. During the admission interview, the client stated they will refuse the medication because of adverse effects they experienced previously." By letting the provider know that the patient does not want the treatment the provider is prescribing, you have advocated for the patient and her right to make decisions regarding her treatment. The other selections do not describe patient advocacy since they do not represent actions by the nurse that the patient is incapable of on their own.

A nurse's identification badge includes the term, "Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse." A client with a history of paranoia asks, "What does that title mean?" Keeping in mind the diagnosis of the patient, how should the nurse respond to this question?

"We have the specialized skills needed to care for those with mental illnesses." A psychiatric mental health nurse has specialized nursing skills and implements the nursing process to manage and deliver nursing care to the mentally ill. The remaining options either do not effectively answer the client's question or assume that the question is the result of the client's paranoia.

What client assessment data demonstrates parity related to mental health care?

A client's mental health coverage is equal to his/her medical/surgical coverage. Parity refers to equivalence that requires insurers who provide mental health coverage to offer annual and lifetime benefits at the same level provided for medical/surgical coverage. None of the other options are associated with mental health insurance coverage.

Recovery

A process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential

Mental health

A state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize his or her own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively, and make a contribution to the community.

According to current information what factor is associated with the most disabling mental disorders?

Biological influences Biological and genetic factors influence mental health. The biologically influenced illnesses include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and autism. Therefore many (but not all) of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders have been found to have strong biological influences. Psychological trauma, learned behaviors, and faulty patterns of nurturance may contribute to some forms of mental illness, but they are not major factors in most disabling mental disorders.

A nurse, active in local consumer mental health groups and in local and state mental health associations, keeps aware of state and national legislation affecting mental illness treatment. How can this nurse positively affect the climate for effective, mental health treatment?

By educating the public on the effects that stigmatizing has on mental health clients." Nurses who are aware of legislative concerns and who are active in organizations that promote mental health awareness and appropriate and equal treatment for mental illness help achieve the goal of parity, or equality of treatment for mentally ill individuals. Becoming active in politics may be a personal goal but does not directly or necessarily reduce stigma or encourage treatment equality. The other options are undesirable outcomes.

The mental health status of a particular client can best be assessed by considering which factor? A. The degree of conformity of the individual to society's norms B. The degree to which an individual is logical and rational C. Status placement on a continuum from health to illness D. Rate of demonstrated intellectual and emotional growth

C. Status placement on a continuum from health to illness Many (but not all) of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders have been found to have strong biological influences. Therefore, these disorders can be regarded as "diseases." Visualizing these disorders along the mental health continuum is helpful.

Which branch of epidemiology is the nurse involved in when seeking outcomes for patients whose depression was treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Clinical Clinical epidemiology represents a broad field that addresses what happens to people with illnesses who are seen by providers of clinical care. Studies use traditional epidemiological methods and are conducted in groups that are usually defined by illness or symptoms or by diagnostic procedures or treatments given for the illness or symptoms. None of the other options accurately identify the field that is associated with clinical practice.

A nursing diagnosis for a client with a psychiatric disorder serves what purpose with considering the plan of care?

Establishing a framework for selecting appropriate interventions. Nursing diagnoses provide the framework for identifying appropriate nursing interventions for dealing with the phenomena a client with a mental health disorder is experiencing. While the nursing diagnosis may contribute to the other options, none describe the purpose of the nursing diagnosis.

The nurse planning care for a mentally ill client bases interventions on which concept?

Every client has a certain degree of resilience Nurses are expected to evaluate clients with mental health issues for their strengths and their areas of high functioning. You will find many attributes of mental health in some of your clients with mental health issues. These strengths should be built upon and encouraged. Resilience is the ability and capacity for people to secure the resources they need to support their well-being. None of the remaining options describe concepts that are the foundation for the actual creation of individualized care plans.

According to the DSM-V, which statement made by an adult client supports the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder?

I've been really anxious for at least 2 years now. My marriage is in trouble because I'm always so irritable. I've had a good physical and my health care provider says I'm in good health. Its hard falling asleep and even harder staying asleep; I'm restless all night. The DSM-V criteria for generalized anxiety disorder include excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months; sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep) and irritability; the anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning; the disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition. Family history is not a recognized criterion for generalized anxiety disorder.DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)REF: page 11TOP: Nursing Process: DiagnosisMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity

How can a nurse best differentiate whether an Asian client is demonstrating a mental illness after having attempted suicide?

Identify the client's culture's view regarding suicide. One approach to differentiating mental health from mental illness is to consider what a particular culture regards as acceptable or unacceptable. In this view, the mentally ill are those who violate social norms and thus threaten (or make anxious) those observing them. For example, traditional Japanese may consider suicide to be an act of honor Contrast that viewpoint with Western culture, where people who attempt or complete suicides are nearly always considered mentally ill. While the remaining options are appropriate interventions, they fail to address the possible cultural component of the client's behavior.

Which statement best describes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition (DSM-5) DSM-5?

It is a medical psychiatric assessment system. The DSM-5 is a classification of mental disorders that includes descriptions and criteria of diagnoses. None of the other options are accurate descriptions.

A client tells the mental health nurse "I am terribly frightened! I hear whispering in my head that someone is going to kill me." Which criteria of mental health can the nurse assess as lacking?

Rational thinking The ability to think rationally is lacking for this client. The client does not have an accurate picture of what is happening that is based on reliable cognitive thinking. The statement fails to meet the criteria for any of the other options.

Mental illness

Refers to all the psychiatric disorders that have definable diagnoses.

Which severe mental illness is recognized across cultures? Select all that apply.

Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder Worldwide studies indicate that both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are recognized cross-culturally.

An individual is found to consistently wear only a bathrobe and neglect the cleanliness of his apartment. When neighbors ask him to stop his frequent outbursts of operatic arias, he acts outraged and tells them he must sing daily and will not promise to be quieter. This behavior supports what conclusion about this client?

The client is not conforming with social norms. Behavior that deviates from socially accepted norms does not indicate a mental illness unless there is significant disturbance in mental functioning.

What term is used to identify the quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations?

epidemiology Epidemiology is the quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations. Mortality refers to deaths. Prevalence refers to the proportion of a population with a mental disorder at a given time. Clinical epidemiology deals with what happens to people with illnesses who are seen by providers of care.