NSC Chapter 7

Collagen

cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue

What elements are combined to make a protein

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

best way to diagnose allergens that cause allergies

testing performed by an immunologist and skin testing

every cell contains protein

true

Protein-energy malnutrition is an example of

undernutrition

protein supplements are not recommended for healthy persons bc supplements may

upset the bodys ability to absorb other amino acids

Which are not used as major sources of fuel for cells

water and proteins

most children outgrow allergies by the time they are ___________

young adults

Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation when the wrong amino acid is added to _____

hemoglobin

Which of the following elements is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates

nitrogen

A vegan, or total vegetarian eats:

only plant foods

____ proteins are heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat

plant

dish that includes complementary proteins

red beans and rice

What is a function of blood proteins

maintain fluid balance

A _________ diet is best for getting high-quality protein bc of the wide variety of foods available to contribute the nine essential amino acids

mixed

______ are food additives commonly found in foods such as wines, potatoes and shrimp that can cause negative reactions when consumed

sulfites

Poor sources of protein include

Fruits

contractile

muscle movement

An athletes diet should supply enough calories from carbs and fat in order to spare ______ for growth, repair, and maintenance of muscle tissue

protein

Allergens in food are typically _____ that the body cannot digest

proteins

Which is true about protein deficiency in the United States

it is uncommon

The _____ remove urea from the bloodstream and eliminate it in the urine

kidneys

A ______ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. Examples include: peanuts, garden peas, and lentils

legume

Urea is ______ toxic than ammonia

less

After completion of final digestion of proteins in the absorptive cells, amino acids travel to the

liver

Diseases of the _____ and ____ may pose certain challenges related to metabolizing amino acids

liver and kidney

Which protein type lacks one or more of the essential amino acids

low-quality protein and incomplete

The human digestive system does not digest _____ proteins sources as efficiently as _____ protein sources

low-quality; high-quality

It is suggested that the higher protein diets may be effective for weight loss because protein contributes to _____ more so than fat or carbohydrates

satiety

A food allergy is a reaction that occurs when the _____ system reacts to a harmless food substance

Digestive

Large, complex organic nutrients made of amino acids are known as

proteins

How many essential amino acids exist?

9

Absorptive cells secrete _________ that aid in the splitting of polypeptide chains while in the small intestine

proteases

Process of protein digestion in the correct order, form start to finish

1. digest proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein splitting enzymes 3. final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver

How many nonessential amino acids exist?

11

Signs and symptoms of celiac disease

abdomina bloating, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea

what occur within a few minutes to a couple of hours after eating an offensive food

allergic reactions

proteins are made up of smaller units called

amino acids

Components of the amino acid

amino group, side group/R group, and acid group

Anaphylactic shock results from

an allergic reaction, and a serious drop in blood pressure

people with this condition often have trouble when consuming foods with sulfites

asthma

what disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine

celiac disease

who is at greatest risk of protein deficiency

children who live in poor countries

Which actions would help cut the cost of consuming protein on a regular basis while still meeting requirements

combine animal source with a plant source, include more dairy products and eggs in meals

unproven diagnostic methods for allergies

diagnosis performed by an alternative medical practitioner, electrodermal testing, and hair analysis

consuming sulfites can result in

diarrhea, flushing skin and hives

high-quality protein

eggs, poultry, meat, fish

recommended snack prior or after a workout

peanut butter toast or turkey sandwich

Who is at risk for protein deficiency

people with low incomes and elderly people

_______ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins

pepsin

Muscle is mostly comprised of

protein (22%) water (70%)

It is important that snacks consumed before or after exercise contain both __________ and __________

protein and carbs

When there are limiting amino acids in a food, the body may have difficulty supporting

repair of tissues and growth

transportation proteins in the body

retinol and hemoglobin

A person who eats all foods except red meats would be considered a

semi-vegetarian

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood

serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

food sources contain some of the most common allergenic proteins

shellfish, peanuts, wheat

T or F. proteins are rarely used to meet energy needs

true

food intolerances are common with foods such as

wine, eggs, milk

Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids

within the border of absorptive cells

A ______ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dairy products

Lactovegetarian

Good sources of proteins

beans and nuts

Diets containing gluten may be beneficial in which ways

stimulating growth of good bacteria, improving immune function and lowering blood pressure

Where does the digestion of protein begin?

stomach

During resistance exercise, proteins in the working muscles

break down

The long term effects of protein malnutrition include

brain damage, lower intelligence, and stunted growth

Which populations would have an above average protein requirement

breastfeeding mothers, burn victims and young children

______ is a group of related proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye

gluten

Which of the following are effective ways to increase muscle mass?

maintain a nutritionally adequate diet, and to perform muscle-strengthening excercises

Does DNA play a vital role in protein synthesis

True

T or F: your body able to recycle nitrogen to make non essential amino acids, but daily protein intake is important to maintain healthy levels

True

What are some common deficiencies in a poorly planned plant-based diet?

Vitamin B-12, iron, and vitamin D

A _______ disease is a chronic condition in which the immune system cells attack and destroy normal, healthy cells

autoimmune

vegetarians tend to adopt behaviors of

avoiding tobacco and regular exercise

If cells make mistakes and connect wrong amino acids, they will produce abnormal proteins that can lead to

birth defects

crescent shaped blood cell can cause

block in blood flow and tissue damage

A high protein diet can increase ___ loss in urine

calcium

Two sources of incomplete protein that are combined and form a complete protein are called

complementary proteins

what confirms the diagnosis of celiac disease

damaged villi

what is digested within the boarder of absorptive cells of the small intestine

di- and tripeptides

ovovegetarian

eats eggs but no other animal foods

lactoovovegetarian

eats milk and milk products and eggs, but no other animal foods

lactovegetarian

eats milk and milk products, but no animal flesh or eggs

______ involves a buildup of excess fluid in tissues

edema

Complete sources of protein

eggs, quinoa, soybeans and milk

Animal proteins are a good source of all ______ amino acids

essential

A high protein intake typically translates into a high _____ intake

fat

The carbon skeletons from excess protein can be used to make

fat, glucose, energy, and non-essential amino acids

keratin

hair, nails, and skin

____ protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration

high

Advantages of vegetarian diet

high in phytochemicals, low saturated fat and cholesterol, and high fiber

_________ helps the proteins unravel to allow for pepsin to break apart the peptide bonds

hydrochloric acid

Lower risks of which of the following disease conditions has linked to a vegetarian diet

hypertension and diabetes