NTR 222 - Week 12 (Quiz Questions)

What is the ancient belief of Vitamin E that caused Vitamin E toxicity?

more Vitamin E would enhance sexual pleasure & anti-aging nutrient

Taking beta-carotene supplements is:

not recommended because studies have shown that it can increase the risk lung cancer and smokers

A vitamin C deficiency would cause ______ because its role in ______.

Anemia; Iron absorption

Which vitamins play an important role in energy production?

B-complex vitamins

Which of the following nutrients has the greatest bioavailability?

Folic acid from supplements

This is the process of adding vitamins and minerals to foods where these nutrients are not naturally present

Fortification

Which of the following foods would be appropriate source of vitamin A for a vegan?

Sweet potatoes

What is anemia?

deficiency in red blood cells, hemoglobin or both.

Thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin played a role in:

deriving energy from carbohydrates

What are the 9 water-soluble vitamins?

1. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 2. Thiamin (B1) 3. Riboflavin (B2) 4. Niacin (B3) 5. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) 6. Cobalamine (vitamin B12) 7. Biotin 8. Pantothenic acid 9. Folate

What are coenzymes? What are cofactors?

1. combine with an enzyme to increase its activity 2. molecules that are absolutely necessary for enzymes to work

What are the 3 forms of Vitamin A?

1. retinol (most active & stored in liver) 2. retinal 3. retinoic acid (greatest influence on gene regulation)

What is scurvy? What does it cause?

1. severe vitamin C deficiency due to the improper formation of collagen 2. causes bleeding gums --> lack of collagen in the structure of the blood vessels of the gums

Which vitamins are coenzymes?

ALL B vitamins

Getting too much of this B vitamin can disguise a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Folate

What is another name for Vitamin B12?

Cobalamine

This is the process for adding back micronutrients that were originally present in the food but were lost during the processing

Enrichment

Water soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body

False

What is another name for Vitamin B3?

Niacin

Which of these vitamins is needed for the synthesis of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein?

Pantothenic Acid

What deficiency conditions is characterized by the 4 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death?

Pellagra

Niacin deficiency would be most likely in someone with an adequate ______ intake.

Protein

What is another name for B6?

Pyridoxine

What is another name for Vitamin B6?

Pyridoxine

What is another name for Vitamin B2?

Riboflavin

Which B vitamin is easily destroyed by UV light?

Riboflavin

Which B vitamin is needed to convert the amino acid tryptophan into niacin?

Riboflavin

Which of the following which you need to get on a daily basis because the body doesn't store this nutrient?

Riboflavin

Which water-soluble vitamins are found in milk?

Riboflavin and Vitamin B12

What is another name for Vitamin B1?

Thiamin

The Enrichment Act of 1942 states that these vitamins must be added to refined grain products (3 answers)

Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Niacin

A deficiency of this vitamin can result in a condition called xerophthalmia

Vitamin A

Which of the following vitamins could you get every few days or even weekly without risk of deficiency?

Vitamin A

What is hypervitaminosis? How is this caused?

Vitamin A toxicity; stored in the fat tissues & liver for too long

Which vitamins are antioxidants?

Vitamin A, C, E & Beta carotene (provitamin A)

This vitamin needs intrinsic factor to be absorbed in the small intestines

Vitamin B12

This vitamins main role in the body is to produce collagen.

Vitamin C

What of the following is water soluble?

Vitamin C

A deficiency of this vitamin can cause rickets in children

Vitamin E

Vegetable oils like safflower and sunflower oil are good sources of what vitamin?

Vitamin E

This vitamin plays an important role in blood clotting

Vitamin K

What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamins A, D, E, K

What is another name for Vitamin C?

ascorbic acid

What is the precursor of vitamin A?

beta-carotene

What is another name for Vitamin D?

cholecalciferol

What is the precursor of vitamin D?

cholesterol

Vitamin K deficiency could cause:

colon bleeding because of its role in blood clotting

What is the process of production of vitamin D

diet or liver cholesterol --> skin/UV rays --> cholesterol --> vitamin D binding protein from blood --> blood --> liver (nonactive form of vitamin D) --> kidneys (active form of vitamin D) --> enchanted calcium absorption in the small intestines

Vitamin B 12 deficiency is most common in people who:

have low stomach acid production

What is the condition, Beriberi?

heart becomes enlarged, fluid under the skin can accumulate, and the muscles become weak and may atrophy

What is Scorbutic rosary?

in infants, it is an abnormal formation on the rib cage where the ribs appear "beaded."

What is a provitamin?

inactive precursors that must be converted to the active form of a vitamin in the body

What is fibrin?

protein that forms blood clots

What is folic acid?

synthetic form of folate; used in supplements and enriched foods; and more potent than folate because more of it is absorbed in the small intestine

Fortification is:

the addition of nutrients not naturally present in a food

What are free radicals?

unstable oxygen-containing molecules that can damage the cells of the body and possibly contribute to the increased risk of chronic diseases

A good source of vitamin E is:

vegetable oil

The leading cause of non-accidental blindness world wise is:

vitamin A deficiency

What is the origin of the term vitamin?

vitamine