NTR 555 Exam 2

Which of the following is NOT a form of Niacin? a. Nicotine b. Nicotinamide c. Nicotinic Acid d. NAD+

a. Nicotine

Benefits of exercise include All of the following EXCEPT a. Rapid reversal of the aging process b. Better sleep. c. Improved mobility d. Improved mental alertness

a. Rapid reversal of the aging process

Stress fractures are a sign that an athlete's diet may be low in: a. calcium b. iron c. phosphorous d. zinc

a. calcium

A person with BMI of 27 is a. overweight b. obese c. healthy weight d. underweight

a. overweight

After exercise, how many cups of fluid should an athlete consume for every pound lost? a. 1 - 2 b. 2 - 3 c. 3 - 4 d. 4 - 5

b. 2 - 3

Male high school student engage in physical activities more their female counterpart with the result being a. More cases of anemia b. Significantly reduced rates of obesity c. Resistance to infectious diseases. d. Better fitness levels

b. Significantly reduced rates of obesity

Surgery treatment methods to reduce body weigh include ALL of the following EXCEPT a. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass b. Thyroidectomy c. Lap band d. Vertical banded gastroplasty

b. Thyroidectomy

Sports anemia is a low hematocrit level found in endurance athletes. One likely reason for this finding is... a. Athletes more often take calcium supplements that inhibit iron absorption. b. crushing erythrocytes in sports that repeated compresses a tissue such, as the bottom of the feet when running. c. Athletes have lower plasma volumes than untrained people. d. Female athletes have more frequent menstrual cycles than non-athletes.

b. crushing erythrocytes in sports that repeated compresses a tissue such, as the bottom of the feet when running.

When consumed in excess, the nutrient most likely stored in the body in the molecular form that is eaten, as opposed to more immediate use as fuel or conversion to another stored compound, is: a. protein b. fat c. Carbohydrate d. fiber

b. fat

Possible sources of free radicals that could be a concern during exercise include ALL of the following EXCEPT... a. activity of macrophages in an immune response. b. greater intake of fruits and vegetables. c. the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. d. high intake of polyunsaturated fats.

b. greater intake of fruits and vegetables.

A decrease in blood sodium concentration is called: a. sports anemia b. hyponatremia c. hypernatremia d. hemodilution

b. hyponatremia

Which of the following minerals is required for ATP hydrolysis, energy metabolism and for regulation of nerve conductance? a. copper b. magnesium c. zinc d. selenium

b. magnesium

Which of the following tissue components are LEAST likely to be damaged by excess free radicals that result from an increase in physical activity? a. lipids b. mineral c. DNA d. protein

b. mineral

A person with BMI of 39 is referred to as being a. healthy weight b. obese c. overweight d. underweight

b. obese

The concept of nutrient balance with respect to energy supplying macronutrients addresses the relative amount of the macronutrient taken in and the amount that is a. reduced b. oxidized c. excreted d. stored

b. oxidized

Which dietary mineral has the LEAST effect on risk for cardiovascular disease? a. calcium b. sulfur c. potassium d. sodium

b. sulfur

Approximately how many liters of water do adults need per day when not exercising vigorously or in hot environments? a. 0.5 to 1 b. 6-7 c. 2-3 d. 4-5

c. 2-3

Obesity treatments recommended for an otherwise healthy person with a BMI of 31 include all of the following EXCEPT a. Reduced calorie diets b. Increased exercise c. Bariatric surgery d. Diet drugs

c. Bariatric surgery

Self-reported behaviors by people who lose weight and keep most of the weight off for extended periods of time include All of the following EXCEPT a. Continuing to eat a low calorie (~1400 kcal/day) and low fat diet b. Engaging in high levels of physical activity on a regular basis c. Fasting 2 or 3 days per week. d. Monitoring their body weight regularly

c. Fasting 2 or 3 days per week.

Complications of overweight include all of the following EXCEPT a. Reduced quality of life b. More cardiovascular disease c. Severe osteoporosis d. Metabolic syndrome

c. Severe osteoporosis

Proposed causative factors of obesity include all of the following except a. Energy rich food supply b. AD-36 c. Too much exercise d. Genetic predisposition

c. Too much exercise

What would an athlete experience if they became dehydrated and lost 5% of their body weight from sweating? a. high blood pressure b. blood volume increases c. a rapid and weak pulse d. core body temperature decreases

c. a rapid and weak pulse

What is the most accurate method of assessing vitamin status of an individual? a. ask the subject if they take multivitamin supplements b. analyze a 3-day diet record c. conduct an enzyme activation coefficient assay with an enzyme that requires the specific vitamin as a cofactor d. measure the concentration of the vitamin in blood and hair

c. conduct an enzyme activation coefficient assay with an enzyme that requires the specific vitamin as a cofactor

Megaloblastic anemia is most likely caused by a deficiency of a. iron b. copper c. folic acid d. pantothenic acid

c. folic acid

The component of a typical sports drink that has least impact on its function to rehydrate the body during and after exercise is a. water b. minerals c. protein d. carbohydrate

c. protein

Prevalence of overweight among children and adolescent age 6-19 increased dramatically after about 1988, with the fastest increases occurring in a. Pacific coast states b. New England c. The rocky mountain region d. Southeastern states

d. Southeastern states

Children are more susceptible to dehydration during exercise than are adults. The LEAST likely explanation for this is because... a. children are less sensitive to thirst b. children do not plan ahead and hydrate before exercise c. children have a higher surface to volume ratio d. children sweat more profusely than adults when they exercise because their sweat glands are more developed.

d. children sweat more profusely than adults when they exercise because their sweat glands are more developed.

When would it be most beneficial for an athlete to consume a sports drink instead of just food and water? a. during training only b. there is no benefit c. during a marathon or ultra endurance events only d. during workouts/events that last longer than one hour

d. during workouts/events that last longer than one hour

Which factor is LEAST likely to impact the rate of gastric emptying to supply water to the body during exercise? a. osmolarity of the fluid consumed b. exercise intensity c. carbohydrate dissolved in the fluid consumed d. glycogen loading during the previous 3 days

d. glycogen loading during the previous 3 days

Sports anemia usually requires: a. treatment with supplemental fluid. b. treatment with supplemental iron. c. treatment with supplemental calcium. d. no treatment because it is not a nutrient deficiency.

d. no treatment because it is not a nutrient deficiency.

Under which condition would B-complex vitamin supplementation be LEAST likely to increase physical performance? a. the patient is elderly b. the patient is diabetic c. the patient is deficient in the vitamin in question d. the patient is vegetarian

d. the patient is vegetarian

Which of the following cofactors involved in energy production through electron transport does NOT contain or rely on an essential nutrient for activity? a. FADH b. NADH c. Cytochrome C d. ubiquinone

d. ubiquinone

An athlete consuming a vegetarian diet would be at risk for low intakes of iron, calcium, and ____. a. vitamin E b. creatine c. magnesium d. zinc

d. zinc

Match the physiological function(s) with each of following groups of nutrients 1. Ca, Mg, PO4, B, Vitamin-K, Vitamin-D 2. Na, K, Cl 3. Fe, Cu, folate, Vitamin- B12 4. Tocopherol, ascorbate, selenium 5. Niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid a. blood formation b. bone formation c. help reduce uncontrolled oxidation reactions d. help reduce energy of activation in metabolic reactions e. create membrane potentials

Ca, Mg, PO4, B, Vitamin-K, Vitamin- D - bone formation Na, K, Cl - create membrane potentials Fe, Cu, folate, Vitamin-B12 - blood formation Tocopherol, ascorbate, selenium - help reduce uncontrolled oxidation reactions Niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid - help reduce energy of activation in metabolic reactions