NTR Final Study Guide
Sandra is a typical American and weighs 140 pounds (63.5 kg). How much protein is she likely consuming every day? Select one: a. 76.2-101.6 grams per day b. 50.8 grams per day c. 63.5 - 127 grams per da
-The correct answer is: 76.2 - 101.6 grams per day
Is the following statement true or false? Why? If all amino acids were nonessential then protein would no longer be needed in the diet. Select one: a. True, because if something is nonessential, that means our bodies can make it. b. False, even if protein is non essential, we still need nitrogen to make protein, and protein is our only dietary source of nitrogen.
-The correct answer is: False, even if protein is non essential, we still need nitrogen to make protein, and protein is our only dietary source of nitrogen.
Sheldon's favorite nut is a pistachio, and he developed a cheap way to extract oil from pistachios. He wants to use this oil to make Extreme Pistachio Cookies. Since Sheldon is a theoretical physicist, he did not learn about hydrogenation as an undergraduate. Which is NOT true about hydrogenation? Select one: a. Hydrogenation increases the number of double bonds in liquid oil b. Hydrogenation can be useful to reduce rancidity, making cookies more shelf stable c. Hydrogenation can be useful for hardening liquid oil in commercially manufacturing cookies d. Hydrogenation produces trans fat
-The correct answer is: Hydrogenation increases the number of double bonds in liquid oil
Why might a researcher choose to use a test tube or in vitro system over an animal or human system? Select one: a. In vitro studies are strictly observational, whereas human and animal studies are indirect. b. In vitro studies are important in investigating potential mechanisms. c. In vitro studies are considered the "gold standard" of methods to study diet disease relationships.
-The correct answer is: In vitro studies are important in investigating potential mechanisms.
All of the following statements are correct regarding the Mediterranean Diet EXCEPT: Select one: a. It emphasizes intake of intake of fruit, vegetables, and legumes daily b. It emphasizes intake of whole grains c. It emphasizes intake of meat weekly d. It is high in omega-3 fatty acids
-The correct answer is: It emphasizes intake of meat weekly
What does it mean when a product has been patented or has a patent pending? Select one: a. It means the product is effective and safe. b. It means the theory behind how the product works is a novel idea.
-The correct answer is: It means the theory behind how the product works is a novel idea.
Which combination of foods would not provide all the essential amino acids? Select one: a. Cereal with milk b. Peanut butter on wheat bread c. Rice and beans d. Peanut tacos e. Oatmeal and whole wheat toast
-The correct answer is: Oatmeal and whole-wheat toast
Which of the following is NOT true about Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Decosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): Select one: a. They are found in fish oil and breast milk b. They are the reason babies who are breastfed have lower IQs c. They found in the brain and retina d. They are very long chain fatty acids
-The correct answer is: They are the reason babies who are breastfed have lower IQs
All types of studies
Absolute size of the effect
The logo Choosemyplate.gov or Mypyramid.gov represents?
Personalization
A sham or neutral treatment given to a control group.
Placebo
Match the different types of simple sugars with their monosaccharide components. Fiber
Polysaccharide of glucose only
Match the different types of simple sugars with their monosaccharide components. Starches
Polysaccharide of glucose only
Match the dietary lipid with its potential effect on lipoprotein levels. Lowers LDL and HDL lipoprotein levels.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Width of the bands on the food pyramid and the size of the sections of the plate represent?
Portion sizes corresponding to the various food groups
Match the following organs with the way in which they aid in maximizing the chances a nutrient will be digested and absorbed. Mouth
Prepares the rest of the GI tract for incoming food via taste and smell, Begins the digestion of carbohydrates
Match the dietary lipid with its potential effect on lipoprotein levels. Raises LDL and has no effect on HDL lipoprotein levels.
Saturated fatty acids
Fiber that forms gels when added to water
Soluble fiber
Fiber that may reduce cholesterol absorption and help control blood glucose levels
Soluble fiber
Match the simple sugar with it's correct nickname. Refined white sugar
Sucrose
When a protein is denatured it is no longer in it's active form. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'True'.
When listing trans fats on a food label, manufactures are allowed to round down to 0 when the value is 0.5 grams or less. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Maria is at her ideal weight of 125 pounds (57 kg). How much protein would you recommend she consume daily? Select one: a. it is impossible to determine b. 31 grams c. 45 grams d. 100 grams
The correct answer is: 45 grams
Match the following organs with the way in which they aid in maximizing the chances a nutrient will be digested and absorbed. Stomach
Begins the digestion of protein, Slowly releases its contents into the small intestine
Clinical trial
Compliance of the participants to the study protocol
Associated with the exposure and the outcome and can make the two appear more related to each other than they really are
Confounding Factor
A group of individuals with characteristics that match the group being treated in an intervention study but who receive a sham treatment or no treatment at all.
Control group
Match the different types of simple sugars with their monosaccharide components. Lactose
Disaccharide of galactose and glucose
Match the different types of simple sugars with their monosaccharide components. Sucrose
Disaccharide of glucose and fructose
Narrowing of the bands on the "new" pyramid represent?
Eating less as your goal is reached
Match the following organs with the way in which they aid in maximizing the chances a nutrient will be digested and absorbed. Small Intestine
Emulsifies fat, Lots of mixing of chyme and digestive chemicals via longitudinal and circular muscles
Match the digestive chemicals with the compounds upon which they act and/or their function. Bile
Emulsifies lipids.
A study of a population that searches for possible correlations between nutrition factors and health patterns over time.
Epidemiological study
The person icon climbing the stairs of the "new" pyramid represent?
Exercise
The participants in a study who receive the real treatment or intervention under investigation.
Experimental group
Match the dietary lipid with its potential effect on lipoprotein levels. Raises LDL and lowers HDL lipoprotein levels.
Trans fatty acids
Match the digestive chemicals with the compounds upon which they act and/or their function. Digestive enzymes
Transform larger food molecules into molecules small enough to be absorbed.
The various colors on the food pyramid represent?
Variety in our food choices
Match the simple sugar with it's correct nickname. Fruit sugar
Fructose
Match the digestive chemicals with the compounds upon which they act and/or their function. Bicarbonate
In the first part of the small intestine, it neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach.
Fiber that may reduce the risk for constipation, hemorrhoids, and diverticulitis
Insoluble and soluble fiber
Wheat bran is a good source of this fiber
Insoluble fiber
Epidemiological study
It is strictly observational
Match the digestive chemicals with the compounds upon which they act and/or their function. Hydrochloric acid
Keeps the pH of the stomach very low to kill bacteria and denature protein
Match the simple sugar with it's correct nickname. Milk sugar
Lactose
Match the digestive chemicals with the compounds upon which they act and/or their function. Saliva
Lubricates food, contains an amylase that begins digesting carbohydrates, and contributes to taste.
Match the dietary lipid with its potential effect on lipoprotein levels. Lowers LDL and has no effect on HDL lipoprotein levels.
Monounsaturated fatty acids
In-vitro study
There may not be an immediate application to human health
After compounds are absorbed through the villi of the small intestine: Select one: a. They travel to the kidneys, which screen for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begin to detoxify so they can be eliminated. b. They travel to the liver, which screens for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begins to detoxify so they can be eliminated. c. They travel to the kidneys, which excrete absorbed, but unwanted water soluble compounds d. They travel to the liver, which excretes absorbed, but unwanted water-soluble compounds
-The correct answer is: They travel to the liver, which screens for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begins to detoxify so they can be eliminated.
If an eicosanoid is made from _________________ it will ____________ blood pressure, blood clotting, inflammation. Select one: a. arachidonic acid (n-6), decrease b. arachidonic acid (n-6), increase c. eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3), not affect d. eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3), increase
-The correct answer is: arachidonic acid (n-6), increase
What are some issues to consider when evaluating a reported diet disease relationship and/or product claim? Select one or more: a. Is the source trying to sell something? b. If a study is cited, is it relevant? c. Are the claims too good to be true?
-The correct answers are: Is the source trying to sell something?, If a study is cited, is it relevant?, Are the claims too good to be true?
Amino acids differ from one another in which of the following ways? Select one or more: a. The shape of their rgroups b. The number of carboxylic acid groups in the general structure c. The charge of their r-groups d. The number of amino groups in the general structure e. The size of their r-groups
-The correct answers are: The charge of their r-groups, The shape of their r-groups, The size of their r-groups
Tyler Florence's recipe for Tomato Basil sauce calls for the following ingredients: 3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil 2 garlic cloves, minced 1 (16-ounce) can crushed tomatoes Pinch sugar Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper 4 fresh basil leaves, chopped Why does Tyler think it is a good idea to add a pinch of sugar to the Tomato-Basil sauce? Select one: a. Sugar adds micronutrients to the sauce. b. There is no reason to add it. c. The sugar softens the bitter flavor of the tomatoes.
-The correct answers are: There is no reason to add it., The sugar softens the bitter flavor of the tomatoes., Sugar adds micronutrients to the sauce.
There are several ways in which the DRIs have changed over time. Specifically, the DRIs for special age groups, such as the elderly, have been added. Why were DRIs for the elderly increased from the original values? Select one: a. The elderly tend to eat more food, therefore their DRIs are higher. b. As people age, absorption of vitamins and minerals decreases, which increases the need for these nutrients. c. As people age, absorption of vitamins and minerals increases, which decreases the need for these nutrients.
The correct answer is: As people age, absorption of vitamins and minerals decreases, which increases the need for these nutrients.
David's food diary revealed that his intake of Vitamin C was 220% of the DRI, his intake of Vitamin B12 was 300% of the DRI, and his intake of Calcium was 55% of the DRI. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT? (Vitamins C and B12 are water soluble vitamins and excess amounts are excreted in the urine). Select one or more: a. David's intake of calcium is marginal. b. David should decrease his intake of Vitamin B12. c. David should decrease his intake of Vitamin C
The correct answer is: David's intake of calcium is marginal.
Among the many physiological changes that occur with age are decreases in HCl and saliva production. Which of the following would NOT be a potential effect of these changes? Select one: a. Decreased taste perception b. Decreased fat absorption c. Increased risk for food poisoning d. Impaired swallowing of food
The correct answer is: Decreased fat absorption
Studying chronic diseases is much more challenging than studying deficiency diseases. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the differences in studying chronic diseases as compared to deficiency diseases? Select one or more: a. Only some people are genetically predisposed to deficiency diseases so you can identify them easily, while everyone is at risk for chronic diseases. b. Deficiency diseases have just one cause while chronic diseases have multiple potential causes, of which diet is just one. c. Chronic diseases can take only a few months to develop, while deficiency diseases typically require a lifetime to appear.
The correct answer is: Deficiency diseases have just one cause while chronic diseases have multiple potential causes, of which diet is just one.
Sarah takes high doses of niacin daily to decrease her cholesterol levels. In this situation, is niacin acting as a nutrient or a drug? Select one: a. Nutrient b. Drug
The correct answer is: Drug
I went to the Farmer's Market restaurant in Raleigh the other day and had molasses with my biscuits. Which type of molasses did I put on the biscuits and why? Select one: a. Blackstrap molasses it has a distinct flavor and many micronutrients. b. First extraction molasses it has a distinct flavor and many micronutrients. c. First extraction molasses it is slightly sweet and it can be a good source of micronutrients. d. Blackstrap molasses it is slightly sweet and it can be a good source of micronutrients.
The correct answer is: First extraction molasses it is slightly sweet and it can be a good source of micronutrients.
Foods high in protein and fat may have which of the following effects on total caloric intake? Select one: a. Foods with protein and fat will most likely decrease caloric intake by increasing satiety. b. Foods with protein and fat will most likely increase caloric intake by decreasing satiety.
The correct answer is: Foods with protein and fat will most likely decrease caloric intake by increasing satiety.
All of the following are dietary sources of sterols EXCEPT: Select one: a. Vegetables b. Nuts c. Fruits d. Animal products
The correct answer is: Fruits
One snowy day in the school parking lot, Edward saw a van sliding on ice toward his true love Bella. Without thinking, Edward raced over to Bella to stop the van from hitting her, saving her life. If Edward were a human (not a vampire) what source of energy was he using when he saved Bella's life? Select one: a. Fat b. Glycogen c. Protein d. Ketone bodies
The correct answer is: Glycogen
This lipoprotein carries excess cholesterol from cells to the liver: Select one: a. Chylomicron b. HDL c. LDL d. VLDL
The correct answer is: HDL
If we don't use glucose right away for energy or other purposes, what will happen to it? NOTE: You may choose more than one answer. Select one or more: a. The glucose will cause excessively high blood sugar in all people b. It can be converted to protein c. The glucose will cause people to be hyperactive d. It can be converted to glycogen or fat
The correct answer is: It can be converted to glycogen or fat
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding an essential amino acid? Select one or more: a. It can be made from glucose in the body. b. It can be made from fat in the body. c. It can be made from other amino acids in the body. d. It must be supplied by the diet. e. It is not necessary in the diet.
The correct answer is: It must be supplied by the diet.
April is reading the food label shown. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding this popcorn? Select one: a. It gets 2% of its calories from saturated fat. b. It provides 2% of the Daily Value for saturated fat. c. 2% of the fat in this product is saturated.
The correct answer is: It provides 2% of the Daily Value for saturated fat.
Proponents of raw food diets claim that eating raw food will promote weight loss because the enzymes in the raw food aid in the processes of digestion and absorption. Is this claim correct? Why or why not? Select one: a. Yes, this claim is correct because most humans are lacking in the enzymes needed for digestion and absorption, which is why obesity rates are increasing. b. No, this claim is incorrect because if the additional enzymes survive the acidic environment of the stomach, they will aid in digestion and absorption, which will enhance the absorption of macronutrients. c. No, this claim is incorrect because the plant enzymes will make digestion and absorption more difficult because the plant enzymes compete with the enzymes native to the human body. d. Yes, this claim is correct because research has proven that people who eat raw food diets have cured themselves of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
The correct answer is: No, this claim is incorrect because if the additional enzymes survive the acidic environment of the stomach, they will aid in digestion and absorption, which will enhance the absorption of macronutrients.
As compared to the original DRIs from the 1940s, the current DRIs: Select one: a. No longer include recommendations for those vitamins for whom deficiency diseases are no longer a problem. b. Now are only expressed as average daily minimums rather than the more generous values in the original. c. Now consider levels associated with chronic disease risk reduction. d. Include recommendations for three macronutrients and eight micronutrients.
The correct answer is: Now consider levels associated with chronic disease risk reduction.
Josh picked up a box of Oreos and read that one serving provides 8 percent of the daily value for total carbohydrate. Which of the following statements is true regarding these Oreos? Select one: a. One serving provides 8 percent of the total carbohydrates that are recommended to be eaten in a day. b. One serving contains 8 percent of its calories from carbohydrates. c. The contents of the box of Oreos provide 8 percent of the carbohydrates that should be eaten in a day.
The correct answer is: One serving provides 8 percent of the total carbohydrates that are recommended to be eaten in a day.
All of the following organs are part of the GI tract EXCEPT the: Select one: a. Pancreas b. Stomach c. Esophagus d. Small Intestine e. Large Intestine
The correct answer is: Pancreas
A clinical trial is being done to find out if there is a link between breast cancer and diets that are high in fat. However, people who consume diets high in fat may also have other characteristics of their lifestyle that increase their risk for breast cancer. How can researchers overcome the problem of these confounding factors in a clinical trial? Select one: a. Researchers can randomly assign participants to a treatment or a control group. b. Researchers can assign people to consume diets either high in fat or low in fat and then measure the outcomes. c. Researchers can use a retrospective study design to observe the characteristics of the diets of the people who have breast cancer and those who do not.
The correct answer is: Researchers can randomly assign participants to a treatment or a control group.
Which type of fatty acids predominate in butter and coconut oil? Select one: a. Highly unsaturated fatty acids b. Saturated fatty acids c. Polyunsaturated fatty acids d. Monounsaturated fatty acids
The correct answer is: Saturated fatty acids
Neta is diabetic and she recently learned about the glycemic index and would like to apply the concepts to improve her diet. How could Neta use the glycemic index appropriately? Select one: a. The glycemic index was developed to fool people into following fad diets and it should not be used. b. She should be sure to consume the foods as they were consumed in order to develop the GI numbers (i.e. eat 7 whole carrots). c. She could eat foods with a naturally low glycemic index and include them more frequently in her diet than other foods. d. She should avoid white bread and only eat 7 grain wheat bread because white bread will raise her blood glucose significantly faster than the 7 grain wheat bread will.
The correct answer is: She could eat foods with a naturally low glycemic index and include them more frequently in her diet than other foods.
Betty's New Year's resolution was to improve her diet. She decided to start eating whole grain breads, pastas, and rice rather than their refined counterparts. What difference will eating whole grains make on Betty's diet? Select one: a. There is no difference between the two products because the Federal Enrichment Project requires refined products be fortified with all of the lacking nutrients b. She will consume more iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate c. She will consume more nutrients, fiber, and healthful unsaturated fats
The correct answer is: She will consume more nutrients, fiber, and healthful unsaturated fats
Stacey is experiencing bloating, diarrhea, and gas. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding Stacey's condition? Select one: a. Stacey is experiencing early symptoms of diabetes b. Stacey has a food allergy c. Stacey is experiencing early symptoms of hypoglycemia d. Stacey is lactose intolerant
The correct answer is: Stacey is lactose intolerant
All of the following categories have a glycerol backbone EXCEPT: Select one: a. Monoglycerides & Diglycerides b. Sterols c. Triglycerides d. Phospholipids
The correct answer is: Sterols
Why has sugar (sucrose) developed a bad reputation over the years? Select one: a. There is strong evidence that sugar causes people to act crazy and commit crimes. b. Sugar has been linked to many negative things, such as slavery and alcohol abuse. c. There is strong evidence that sugar itself causes obesity, tooth decay, cancer, and diabetes.
The correct answer is: Sugar has been linked to many negative things, such as slavery and alcohol abuse.
Which federal agency requires disclaimers in labels in advertising nutrition related products? Select one: a. The Food and Drug Administration b. The United States Department of Agriculture c. The Federal Trade Commission d. The Central Intelligence Agency e. The Counter Terrorist Unit
The correct answer is: The Federal Trade Commission
Define the term digestion. Select one: a. The process of bringing those smaller molecules inside the body b. The chemical breakup of complex food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed
The correct answer is: The chemical breakup of complex food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed
Why can books make claims that advertising cannot? Select one: a. The first amendment allows US citizens the freedom of speech b. The Federal Trade Commission is not able to regulate the huge quantity of books published. c. The Food and Drug Administration is not able to regulate the huge quantity of books published.
The correct answer is: The first amendment allows US citizens the freedom of speech
Define peristalsis: Select one: a. The breakdown of protein by HCl and proteases. b. The use of bicarbonate to neutralize the incoming chyme into the small intestine. c. The powerful movement of food through the GI tract. d. The breakdown of macronutrients by highly specific enzymes.
The correct answer is: The powerful movement of food through the GI tract.
Which of the following is true about the protein DRI? Select one or more: a. An assumption is made that dietary protein is from animal sources only. b. The recommendations are based on amount of lean body mass. c. The DRI is established at 8.0 grams per kilogram of ideal body weight. d. The DRI is highest for adult males.
The correct answer is: The recommendations are based on amount of lean body mass.
A recent study done in rats found that high fructose corn syrup causes obesity. Which of the following is the MOST SIGNIFICANT limitation of this study? Select one: a. The subjects are rats, so the results may not be applicable to humans. b. The researchers can control the diet of the rats. c. The rats can be exposed to greater risks than humans. d. The rats have a shorter lifespan than humans.
The correct answer is: The subjects are rats, so the results may not be applicable to humans.
Why are there two DRIs for protein? Select one: a. There is a DRI for protein expressed as a percent because it contributes calories to our diet and a DRI expressed as grams per unit of body weight to make sure that other functions are being met. b. There is a DRI for protein expressed as grams per unit of body weight because it contributes calories to our diet and a DRI expressed as a percent to make sure that other functions are being met.
The correct answer is: There is a DRI for protein expressed as a percent because it contributes calories to our diet and a DRI expressed as grams per unit of body weight to make sure that other functions are being met.
What is the primary source of lipid in our diets? Select one: a. Sterols b. Mono/diglycerides c. Triglycerides d. Phospholipids
The correct answer is: Triglycerides
I am a lipoprotein that is made in the liver and I transport triglycerides that are made in the liver from excess carbohydrates and protein. Which lipoprotein am I? Select one: a. Low density lipoprotein b. Very low density lipoprotein c. Chylomicron d. High density lipoprotein
The correct answer is: Very low density lipoprotein
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the similarities and differences between whole wheat flour and enriched flour? NOTE: You may choose more than one answer. Select one or more: a. Whole wheat flour contains more micronutrients than enriched flour. b. Whole wheat flour and enriched flour both contain the bran, germ, and endosperm of the grain. c. Whole wheat flour has a significantly lower glycemic index than enriched flour.
The correct answer is: Whole wheat flour contains more micronutrients than enriched flour.
All of the following are reasons why vitamins are classified as micronutrients EXCEPT: Select one: a. You only need to eat small amounts of food to get an adequate supply of vitamins b. Vitamins are present in the body in relatively small amounts c. Vitamins have requirements that are relatively small d. Vitamins are present in food in small amounts
The correct answer is: You only need to eat small amounts of food to get an adequate supply of vitamins
The quality of a protein depends upon the proportion of: Select one or more: a. nonessential amino acids present. b. essential amino acids present. c. nitrogen to give nitrogen equilibrium. d. essential fatty acids present. e. nitrogen to give positive nitrogen balance.
The correct answer is: essential amino acids present.
If Sam, who weighs 200 lbs (100 kg), wants to add to his already muscular physique, how much protein should he be consuming? Select one: a. 300 - 400 grams of protein per day b. 120 - 160 grams of protein per day c. 100 - 200 grams of protein per day d. 230 - 300 grams of protein per day
The correct answers are: 100 - 200 grams of protein per day, 120 - 160 grams of protein per day
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the definition of marginal in regards to nutrient intake? Select one or more: a. It is less than optimal intake over weeks, that increases the risk for deficiency diseases b. As intake moves below marginal, it becomes less likely that one's need for that nutrient is being met c. Many factors can contribute to marginal intakes of nutrients in the US, including disability, education, and socioeconomic status.
The correct answers are: As intake moves below marginal, it becomes less likely that one's need for that nutrient is being met, Many factors can contribute to marginal intakes of nutrients in the US, including disability, education, and socioeconomic status.
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT? Pick all that apply. Select one or more: a. Cholesterol is a nutrient that that can be made by the body, so it is not essential b. Essential nutrients must be obtained through food c. A lipid is an example of an essential nutrient
The correct answers are: Cholesterol is a nutrient that that can be made by the body, so it is not essential, Essential nutrients must be obtained through food, A lipid is an example of an essential nutrient
This lipoprotein carries dietary triglycerides made in the liver to cells: Select one: a. LDL b. VLDL c. Chylomicron d. HDL
The correct answers are: Chylomicron, VLDL
Debbie has been dieting for several years and has noticed that she has lost lean body mass, and as a result, her basal metabolic rate (BMR) has decreased dramatically. Why is Debbie experiencing this loss in lean body mass and BMR? Select one or more: a. Debbie may not have exercised enough to build and keep lean body mass b. Debbie may not have consumed adequate calories, therefore lean tissue will be spared in order to meet the more important functions of protein. c. Lean body mass was most likely lost as a natural result of aging
The correct answers are: Debbie may not have consumed adequate calories, therefore lean tissue will be spared in order to meet the more important functions of protein., Debbie may not have exercised enough to build and keep lean body mass
Which of the following can contribute to inaccuracies in dietary reporting? Select one or more: a. Dishonesty b. Forgetting what was eaten c. Lack of education regarding portion sizes d. Underreporting what was eaten
The correct answers are: Dishonesty, Forgetting what was eaten, Lack of education regarding portion sizes, Underreporting what was eaten
Which of the following is/are examples of allowable health claims on food packages? Select one or more: a. Fiber reduces the risk of colon cancer b. Calcium reduces the risk of osteoporosis c. This product will lower your cholesterol 4% in 6 weeks d. This product helps to support immunity
The correct answers are: Fiber reduces the risk of colon cancer, Calcium reduces the risk of osteoporosis
Which of the following is NOT a legume? Select one: a. Green bean b. Black bean c. Chick pea d. Peanut
The correct answers are: Green bean, Black bean, Chick pea, Peanut
The DRIs for fat, carbohydrate, and protein were developed for which of the following reasons? Select one or more: a. Heart disease was becoming the leading cause of death in the US and researchers believed that decreasing fat intake would decrease incidence of heart disease. b. Micronutrient deficiency diseases disappeared, which led to the initial development of the DRIs. c. Deficiencies of fat, carbohydrate, and protein started to be a problem in the early 1980s.
The correct answers are: Heart disease was becoming the leading cause of death in the US and researchers believed that decreasing fat intake would decrease incidence of heart disease., Micronutrient deficiency diseases disappeared, which led to the initial development of the DRIs.
Fred Flintstone is a caveman who lived a very long time ago, back when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Why is it important for Fred to be able to taste his food? Select one or more: a. Being able to taste the food helps him know which foods may be toxic, so he will not eat toxic foods. b. If the food tastes pleasing to him, he will want to eat it, and eating food is essential for survival. c. Tasting food stimulates gastric secretions, which prepares the GI tract for incoming food, thus maximizing the efficiency of digestion and absorption.
The correct answers are: If the food tastes pleasing to him, he will want to eat it, and eating food is essential for survival., Being able to taste the food helps him know which foods may be toxic, so he will not eat toxic foods., Tasting food stimulates gastric secretions, which prepares the GI tract for incoming food, thus maximizing the efficiency of digestion and absorption.
Why are the DRIs for fat, carbohydrate, and protein are expressed as a percentage of total calorie intake? (pick all that apply) Select one or more: a. If they were set at fixed amounts that exceeded an individual's true need, the individual might gain weight. b. If they were set at fixed amounts that were less than an individual's true need, the individual might gain weight. c. If they were set at fixed amounts that were less than an individual's true need, the individual might lose weight. d. If they were set at fixed amounts that exceeded an individual's true need, the individual might lose weight.
The correct answers are: If they were set at fixed amounts that exceeded an individual's true need, the individual might gain weight., If they were set at fixed amounts that were less than an individual's true need, the individual might lose weight.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the term "calorie" (or kilocalorie)? Pick all that apply. Select one or more: a. It is a unit of heat equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise 1000 g of water by 1˚C. b. It is a way to quantify potential energy that fuels the body c. Macronutrients supply calories (except water)
The correct answers are: It is a unit of heat equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise 1000 g of water by 1˚C., It is a way to quantify potential energy that fuels the body, Macronutrients supply calories (except water)
According to Katie's food diary she's consuming 120% of her RDA for iron, but just last week her doctor told her that she is anemic. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT? Select one or more: a. It is not surprising that there is this kind of discrepancy since dietary intake does not always predict what is happening inside the body. b. Either her doctor or the food diary is wrong as the two types of assessments should match. c. Katie could have had adequate iron intake during the week she recorded her food, but the food diary is not indicative of habitual iron intake.
The correct answers are: It is not surprising that there is this kind of discrepancy since dietary intake does not always predict what is happening inside the body., Katie could have had adequate iron intake during the week she recorded her food, but the food diary is not indicative of habitual iron intake.
Taking enzyme supplements by mouth may not be useful for which of the following reason(s)? Select one or more: a. Lipids are emulsified by bile in the small intestine. b. Our bodies make enzymes. c. Protein is denatured in the stomach by hydrochloric acid.
The correct answers are: Protein is denatured in the stomach by hydrochloric acid., Our bodies make enzymes.
Phyllis is constipated most days. Which of the following would aid in the excretion of waste from her colon? Select one or more: a. A dietary enzyme supplement combined with a high protein diet. b. Increased water consumption to provide lubrication and softening. c. She should not "ignore the urge to go".
The correct answers are: She should not "ignore the urge to go"., Increased water consumption to provide lubrication and softening.
According to Jim's food diary, he is consuming only 30% of his estimated calorie need. The most likely reason(s) is(are): Select one or more: a. That his true caloric need is much lower than most people with his same height, weight, age, sex, and activity level. b. That he failed to record everything that he consumed while he was keeping the diary. c. He was afraid the teacher would judge him based on his diet, so he was dishonest about his food intake.
The correct answers are: That he failed to record everything that he consumed while he was keeping the diary., He was afraid the teacher would judge him based on his diet, so he was dishonest about his food intake.
Which of the following is/are health benefits of consuming soy products? Select one or more: a. The research is clear that soy protects against heart disease b. The research is clear that soy protects against breast cancer c. The isoflavones in soy may help women with menopausal symptoms d. Soy is a high quality protein and is rich in nutrients
The correct answers are: The isoflavones in soy may help women with menopausal symptoms, Soy is a high quality protein and is rich in nutrients
Fatty acids differ from one another in which of the following ways? Select one or more: a. The position of the first double bond (if present) b. The number of glycerol molecules c. The number of carbon atoms d. The number of double bonds
The correct answers are: The number of carbon atoms, The number of double bonds, The position of the first double bond (if present)
Which of the following statements are CORRECT regarding the DRI's for vitamins, minerals, and protein? Select one or more: a. They are set at a level that will meet 97.5% of healthy people's nutrient needs. b. They are set at fixed, but generous amounts. c. They are expressed in gram, milligram, and microgram amounts. d. They were developed by the National Academy of Sciences. e. They are recommended levels of nutrients that should be met every day.
The correct answers are: They are set at a level that will meet 97.5% of healthy people's nutrient needs., They are set at fixed, but generous amounts., They are expressed in gram, milligram, and microgram amounts., They were developed by the National Academy of Sciences.
Which of the following are limitations of epidemiological studies? Select one or more: a. They may be affected by the presence of confounding factors. b. The characteristics of the study group. c. Adherence of the participants to the study's protocol d. They depend on the dietary recall/recording of the participants.
The correct answers are: They may be affected by the presence of confounding factors., The characteristics of the study group., They depend on the dietary recall/recording of the participants.
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the nutrients lycopene and lutein? Select one or more: a. They are essential nutrients needed for growth and survival b. Our bodies can make these nutrients c. They may protect against certain diseases d. They are found in fruits and vegetables
The correct answers are: They may protect against certain diseases, They are found in fruits and vegetables
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the roles that longitudinal, circular, and sphincter muscles play in digestion, absorption, and excretion? Select one or more: a. They help food come into contact with enzymes and digestive chemicals. b. They work together to move food along and ultimately out of the GI tract. c. They work together to maximize both the digestive and the absorptive processes.
The correct answers are: They work together to move food along and ultimately out of the GI tract., They work together to maximize both the digestive and the absorptive processes., They help food come into contact with enzymes and digestive chemicals.
Which of the following vitamins and minerals are required to be listed on the food label? Select one or more: a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Calcium d. Iron e. Niacin
The correct answers are: Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium, Iron
Edward is trying to build lean body mass so he is consuming protein in excess. Which of the following statements is/are correct about the effects Edward may experience by consuming excess amounts of protein? Select one or more: a. Excess nitrogen will be converted to urea and excreted in the urine, so he may pee more b. Some of the protein will be used to build lean body mass c. He will definitely experience bone loss and kidney disease d. What is not used for energy or for specific protein needs will be converted to fat
The correct answers are: What is not used for energy or for specific protein needs will be converted to fat, Some of the protein will be used to build lean body mass, Excess nitrogen will be converted to urea and excreted in the urine, so he may pee more
Your little sister came said one of the girls in her school told her fat is bad for you and you should never eat fat. Which of the following are things you could tell our sister's friend to disprove her theory? NOTE: You may choose more than one answer. Select one or more: a. Your body obtains half of its energy from fatty acids when at rest b. Your body needs lipids to protect its organs c. Your body needs phospholipids for nerve conduction
The correct answers are: Your body needs lipids to protect its organs, Your body obtains half of its energy from fatty acids when at rest, Your body needs phospholipids for nerve conduction
The Nutrition Facts label contains a Daily Value for which of the following? NOTE: You may choose more than one answer. Select one or more: a. trans fat b. cholesterol c. saturated fat d. total fat
The correct answers are: total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol
Animal study
The results may not be applicable to humans when research is done in animals
Match the simple sugar with it's correct nickname. Blood sugar
→ Glucose