Number basics
what are proportions, means and extremes
an equation that shows equality between two ratios the middle terms of the proportions the outside terms
1
base
what is contained in the first section of the TPR graph
basic information, how many days post surgery or delivering a baby
what is contained in the fifth section of TPR graph
blood pressure, intake and output, and weight
0.01
centi
10
deca
0.1
deci
what are ratios used for in health care
determine the strength, or concentration of a solution
what is drip rate and drip set
drip rate- rate at which the medication drips from IV bag into the IV line drip set- number of drops it takes to equal on milliliter
what equation is used to calculate the drip rate
drip rate=milliliters of fluid x drip set /minutes of infusion
how are the abbreviations written
first the unit of measurement and then lowercase roman numerals for the amount ss is used for 1/2 for other numbers under one use a fraction
In what different different ways can number parts be expressed
fraction, decimal, percentage
what are the units of weights for apothecary system
grain (gr) dram (dr) ounce (oz) pound (lb)
100
hecto
True
if the same number is places next to each other they are added together
what are the units of measurement of length for the English system
inch (in) foot (ft) yard(yd) mile(mi)
why is the metric system more commonly used over the English system
its more accurate and easier to use
1000
kilo
what form is parenteral medication always in
liquid
difference between macrodrip and microdrip sets
macrodrip sets- release larger drops, takes less drops to equal one mL Microdrip sets- release smaller drops, takes more drops to equal one mL
what are intake and outtake charts used for
measuring all fluids that a patient takes in and releases
0.001
milli
what are the units of volume for apothecary system
minim (m) fluidram (fldr) fluidounce (floz) pint (pt) quart (qt) gallon (gal)
how does rounding work
numbers are rounded to a multiply of 10
how does averaging work
numbers in a set are added, then divided by the number of items in the set
an organized method of counting
numerical system
True
only values of 1, 10, 100 may be subtracted from larger numbers
what are two ways to administer medicine
oral or injected into body
what is contained in the second section of a TPR graph
patients recorded temperature R next to dot if temp was taken rectally Ax if taken axillary
what is contained in the their and fourth section of a TPR graph
pulse in 3rd and respiration in 4th
what does a ratio show
relationship between like values
how do syringe and IV deliver medication
syringes inject a precise amount into the skin or muscle IVs inject a continuous amount over a long period of time into a vein
what do TPR graphs record
temperature pulse respiration most also record blood pressure, weight and intake and output
how is a proportion correctly set up
the first and third terms are alike, and the second and forth terms are alike
what rule do equal proportions follow
the product of the mean is equal to the product of the extremes
True
the same numbers may not be placed next to each other as many times as wanted
what kind of information is on a medication label
trade name generic name manufacturer nation drug code dosage strength drug form usual dose total amount enclosed caution
what are two units of measurement used for oral dosage of liquid
weight and volume
how are fractions added/subtracted, multiplied and divided
when adding/subtracting, fractions must have the same denominator. when multiplying, multiply the numerators and then the denominators when dividing, flip the dividing fraction and multiply them. Always reduce to lowest term
how are decimals added/subtracted, multiplied and divided
when adding/subtracting, the decimal points should be aligned when multiplying, count the numbers after the decimal in the factors and put as many numbers after the decimal in the answer as you counted in the factors when dividing, move the decimal point of the divisor to the right until it becomes a whole number. move the decimal point in the dividend the same amount and divide as usual
how are percentages converted to decimals or fractions
when converting to a decimal, drop the percentage symbol and move the decimal two places to the left when converting to a fraction, put the the number over 100 and reduce to lowest terms
True
you can not subtract more than one number from another
what important relationship is there in the metric system
1 milliliter = 1 cubic centimeter = 1 gram
what is the equation to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius
C=(F-32)/1.8
what are the units of measurements for volume for the English system
Drop(gtt or gt) teaspoon(t or tsp) tablespoon(T or tbsp) Ounce(oz) cup(c) pint(pt) quart(qt) gallon(gal)
what is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit and Celsius
F- 212 C- 100
what is the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit and Celsius
F- 32 C- 0
what is the equation to convert Celsius into Fahrenheit
F=C x 1.8 + 32
What are the two scales used to measure temperature and where are they used
Fahrenheit is used in the US centigrade is used in many parts of the world and in medical facilities
most common numerical system that uses a set of 10 digits 0-9 to create specific values
Hindu-Arabic system
what are different type of intakes
IV liquids irrigation
true
If a smaller number is places after a larger number the smaller number is added to the larger number
true
It does matter what order the roman numerals are in
what are the three base units for length, weight and volume
Meters (m) -length grams (g) - weight liters (L) -volume
what are the units of measurement for weight for the English system
Ounce(oz) Pound(lb) ton(tn)
numerical system developed over 3,000 years ago that uses letter to express values
Roman Numeral system
what is the apothecary system and who uses it
a system created in the old England to measure weight and volume used by physicians and pharmacists