NUR 229 Exam 4 Things to Memorize

- Convulsions - Seizures - Prolonged Painful Headaches - Weakness - Double Vision - Sleeplessness - Persistent Vomiting

What are complications of hemophilia?

- Fever - Infection - Dehydration - Hot or Humid Environment - Cold Air or Water Temperature - High Altitude - Excessive Physical Exercise

What are factors that may precipitate a sickle cell crisis?

- Pears - Peaches - Plums - Figs - Grapes - Melons - Potatoes - Avocado - Pineapples - Bananas - Celery

What are foods to avoid if you have a latex allergy?

- OC - Injectable Contraceptive - Transdermal Patch - Vaginal Ring - Implantable Contraceptive - Intrauterine Contraceptive - Emergency Contraceptive

What are hormonal methods of contraception?

- Excessive Bleeding - Petechiae - Oozing From Puncture Site or Mild Tissue Trauma - Mild GI Bleeding - Purpuric Rash - Hemoptysis - Hypoxemia - Oliguria - Renal Failure - Organ Failure - Intracranial Hemorrhage

What are manifestations of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?

- History of Epistaxis - Bleeding From Gums - Prolonged Bleeding From Cuts - Excessive Bleeding After Surgery/Trauma - Menorrhagia

What are manifestations of Von Willebrand Disease?

- Headaches - Morning Vomiting - Seizures - Vision Impairments - Neurologic Deficits

What are manifestations of brain tumors?

- Fever, Pallor - Excessive Bruising - Bone or Joint Pain - Lymphadenopathy - Hepatosplenomegaly - Abnormal WBC counts - Poor Appetite - Weight Loss - Shortness of Breath

What are manifestations of leukemia?

- Tubal Ligation or Essure for women - Vasectomy for men

What are permanent forms of contraceptives?

- Place the child in a private room - Perform hand hygiene before and after contact with each child - Monitor vital signs every 4 hours - Assess for signs and symptoms of infection at least every 8 hours - Avoid rectal suppositories, enemas, or examinations; urinary catheterization; and invasive procedures - Restrict visitors with fever, cough, or other signs/symptoms of infection - Do not permit raw fruits or vegetables or fresh flowers or live plants in the room - Place a mask on the child when he or she is being transported outside of the room - Perform dental care with a soft toothbrush if the platelet count is adequate

What are precautions related to neutropenia?

- Increased Rate of Growth - Weight Loss Despite An Excellent Appetite - Hyperactivity - Warm, Moist Skin - Tachycardia - Fine Tremors - Enlarged Thyroid Gland or Goiter - Opthalmic Changes including Exophthalmos

What are symptoms of Graves Disease?

Hemoglobin

What is primarily responsible for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the tissues?

Growth Hormone

What is recommended for all patients who have Turner Syndrome?

HPV (human papilloma virus)

What is the cause of all cervical cancers?

Cranial Ultrasound

What is the diagnostic tool of choice to detect periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage?

Infertility

What is the failure to achieve conception after 1 year of unprotected intercourse?

- Avoid Infections - Promote Compliance with Medication - Educate Caregiver - Psychosocial Support - Promote Nutrition (increase calories and protein) - Provide Pain Relief

What is the goal of care in children with HIV?

Toxic Iron Overload

What is the major complication of an ongoing transfusion therapy program?

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

The nurse is monitoring the labs of a child admitted for an exacerbation of juvenile pauciarticular arthritis. Which lab result does the nurse expect to be elevated?

Depression of the sternum with both thumbs 1 to 2 cm at a rate of 100 times per minute

A 33-week-gestation infant has just been born. The child's heartbeat is not audible. What is the priority nursing intervention?

- Avoid large crowds. - Inspect the skin daily for scratches or scrapes. - Remove house plants, flowers, and goldfish from the home environment. - Stay away from people who have obvious colds, rashes, or other infections.

A child being treated for leukemia is diagnosed with neutropenia. What nursing instructions directly prevent client infections? Select all that apply. - Avoid large crowds. - Inspect the skin daily for scratches or scrapes. - Increase the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables. - Remove house plants, flowers, and goldfish from the home environment. - Stay away from people who have obvious colds, rashes, or other infections.

Graves Disease

A child is brought to the clinic experiencing symptoms of nervousness, tremors, fatigue, increased heart rate and blood pressure. Based on this assessment, the nurse would suspect a diagnosis of which condition?

Dysuria

A male with the diagnosis of chlamydia will experience which primary symptom?

hemoglobin electrophoresis

A nurse is caring for a newborn whose screening test result indicates the possibility of sickle cell anemia (SCA) or sickle cell trait. The nurse would expect the test result to be confirmed by which lab tests?

developmental delay and mental health issues

A nurse is working with a child who has been psychologically neglected by the parents. The nurse would anticipate which complication for this child?

- Abstinence - Fertility Awareness-Based Methods (FAMs) - Withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) - Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)

What are behavioral methods of contraception?

- Gradual Onset of Symptoms - Obesity - Polyuria - Polydipsia - Polyphagia

Common findings of type 2 diabetes patients?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Diabetes Insipidus results from a deficiency in what hormone?

Chlamydia

Female Symptoms: dysuria, urinary frequency, dyspareunia, cervical discharge (mucus or pus), endocervicitis, may lead to PID, ectopic pregnancy Male Symptoms: dysuria, penile discharge (pus), arthritis, epididymitis What is this STI?

Trichomoniasis

Female Symptoms: dysuria, vaginal discharge (yellow, green, or gray and foul odor), dyspareunia, irritation or itching of genital area Male Symptoms: dysuria, penile discharge (watery white) This STI is known as?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Genital warts or condylomata are caused by?

Miconazole

Genital/vulvovaginal candidiasis is most commonly treated with topical azoles such as?

45 mg/100 ml whole blood

Hypoglycemia in a mature infant is defined as a blood glucose level below which amount?

Until the basal body temperature has been elevated for 3 days

If a woman is using the basal body temperature method how long should she avoid unprotected intercourse?

2 and 6 months

In a term infant, a period of physiologic anemia occurs between what ages?

- Temperature is 38.3 C (101 F) or Higher - Cough or Rapid Breathing - Increased Bruising, Bleeding or Petechiae, Pallor, or Increased Fatigue - Earache, Sore Throat, Nuchal Rigidity - Blisters, Rashes, Ulcers - Red, Irritated Skin on the Child's Buttocks - Abdominal Pain, Difficulty or Pain With Eating, Drinking, or Swallowing - Constipation or Diarrhea - Do Not Give the Child Aspirin

In caring for a child with cancer, what signs should you call the provider or seek for help immediately?

- Expiratory Grunting - Nasal Flaring - Retractions - Tachypnea

What are classic signs of respiratory distress?

Primitive Embryonal (mesodermal) and Neuroectodermal Tissues resulting in leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, or central nervous system (CNS) tumors

Pediatric cancers most often arise from?

Baseline Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine

Prior to administering IVIG the nurse has to assess?

Behavioral Therapy

Reinforcing behaviors with rewards reflects a basic principle of?

- Cow's Milk - Eggs - Peanuts - Tree Nuts - Sesame Seeds - Kiwi Fruit - Fish and Shellfish

What are common allergens to avoid in kids < 1 y/o?

- Irritability - Headache - Dizziness - Weakness - Shortness of Breath - Pallor - Fatigue - Difficulty Feeding

Signs of iron-deficiency anemia?

Tourette Syndrome

Sudden, rapid, stereotypical sounds are a hallmark of?

hepatitis A

The nurse in the sexual health clinic is obtaining a health history of a client who suffers from heroin use disorder. The client reports chronic flulike symptoms accompanied by pruritis, fatigue, anorexia, and constant upper right quadrant pain. Which sexually transmitted infection does the nurse suspect?

Enlarged Tongue

The nurse is assessing a 1-month-old girl who, according to the mother, doesn't eat well. Which assessment suggests the child has congenital hypothyroidism?

Fragile X Syndrome (attention deficits, hand flapping, biting, etc.)

The nurse is assessing a 12-year-old male adolescent in the pediatric unit. The adolescent's parent reports a new onset of behavioral problems. For which genetic disorder would the nurse further asses the client?

Use reflective listening with nonjudgmental support.

The nursing instructor is teaching a session on techniques that the nursing students can use to properly address concerns of parents with children who are born with a cleft lip and palate. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which nursing intervention as being the most effective in these situations?

Graves disease

The school nurse observes an 8th grader at school who suddenly is losing weight, is not participating in gym, and is in poor academic standing. The nurse takes a history and notes that the child seems very nervous. The nurse notifies the parent, who explains that the child has just been seen by the family health care provider and tested low for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). For which condition will the nurse devise a plan of care?

Pernicious Anemia

What anemia is caused by deficiency in vitamin B12?

- being a member of a family that has had another member who uses drugs - being a member of an abusive family - having behavioral problems - being a slow learner

Which characteristics are related to an increased risk of substance abuse? (SOA) - being a member of a family that has had another member who uses drugs - being a member of an only-child family - being a member of an abusive family - having behavioral problems - being a slow learner

Because Hemoglobin F protects against sickling

Why are infants with sickle cell disease usually asymptomatic until 3 to 4 months of age?

- Illness - Drugs - Alcohol

A woman using the basal body temperature method should instructed about things that can raise body temperature and cause false readings, what are things that could cause false readings?

Epithelial cells, resulting in carcinomas

Adult cancers mostly arise from?

Hemolytic Anemia

Anemia caused by the alteration or destruction of the RBCs is termed?

Cushing Syndrome

The nurse knows that which condition is caused by excessive levels of circulating cortisol?

An implanted port

The nurse will use a special needle to start intravenous (IV) fluids through which central venous access device?

Genital Herpes

What STI has symptoms including itching, tingling, and pain in the genital area followed by small pustules and blister-like genital lesions that then crust over and gradually heal, dysuria, dyspareunia, urine retention, fever, headaches, malaise, and muscle aches?

Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia

What anemia is caused by low dietary intake of green leafy vegetables, liver, and citrus or malabsorption from medication such as phenytoin (Dilantin) or parasitic infection?

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

What anemia occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin?

- Bone Marrow Suppression - Alopecia - Malaise/Fatigue - Nausea - Vomiting - Anorexia - Stomatitis

What are adverse effects of chemotherapy?

- Skin Reactions - Fatigue - Bone Marrow Suppression - Nausea - Vomiting - Anorexia - Mucositis

What are adverse effects of radiation?

- Condom (male and female) - Diaphragm - Cervical Cap - Sponge

What are barrier methods of contraception?

- Heat Intolerance - Nervousness/Anxiety - Diarrhea - Weight Loss - Smooth Velvety Skin

What are common findings of hyperthyroidism?

- Trauma - Hypoxia - Necrotizing Enterocolitis - Shock - Liver Disease - Overwhelming Viral/Bacterial Illness - Leukemia

What are common triggers of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?

Infection, Hemorrhage, and Death

What are complications of aplastic anemia?

Behavioral, Barrier, Hormonal

What are reversible forms of contraceptives?

- Skin Rash (butterfly) - Fever - Pain - Swelling in Joints - Skin Sensitivity - Seizures - Psychosis - Lung Problems - Heart Problems - Kidney Problems

What are signs and symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematous?

- Sudden Decrease in Hematocrit - Severe and Sudden Unexplained Deterioration of Vital Signs - Bulging Fontanels - Changes in Activity Level - Sudden Lethargy

What are signs and symptoms of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)?

- Dry, Wrinkled Skin - Absent Vernix and Lanugo - Long Thin Extremities - Sole Creases - Thin Cord - Abundant Hair - Meconium Stained

What are signs for a post term baby?

- microcephaly - small for gestational age - tremors - epicanthal folds

What are signs of fetal alcohol syndrome? (SOA) - microcephaly - small for gestational age - tremors - ambiguous genitalia - webbed neck - epicanthal folds

- Polycythemia - Respiratory Distress - Cyanosis - Jitters - Jaundice - Ruddy Skin - Lethargy

What are signs to watch for in a small for gestational age infant?

Thick and Dry under the influence of progesterone

What are the characteristics of cervical mucus after ovulation?

- Abundant, Clear, Slippery, and Smooth - Can be stretched between two fingers without breaking - Under the influence of estrogen, looks like egg whites - Called Spinnabarkeit mucus

What are the characteristics of cervical mucus as ovulation approaches?

Blood, Lymph, Brain, Bone, Kidney, and Muscle

What are the most common sites of cancer in a child?

Blood, Lymph, Brain, Bone, Kidney, Muscle

What are the most common sites of cancer in children?

Birth-2 Weeks: 44-54% 2-8 Weeks: 39-59% 2-6 Months: 35-49% 6 Months-1 Year: 29-43% 1-6 Years: 30-40% 6-16 Years: 10.3-14.9% 16-18 Years: 34-44% >18 Years (males): 42-52% >18 Years (females): 36-48%

What are the normal hematocrit levels?

Birth-2 Weeks: 14.5-24.5 2-8 Weeks: 12.5-20.5 2-6 Months: 10.7-17.3 6 Months-1 Year: 9.9-14.5 1-6 Years: 9.5-14.1 6-16 Years: 10.3-14.9 16-18 Years: 11.1-15.7 >18 Years (males): 14.0-17.4 >18 Years (females): 12.0-16.0

What are the normal hemoglobin levels?

Water-Based Lubricants

What are the only lubricants you should use with latex condoms?

- Semen Analysis (Male) - Ovulation Monitoring (Female) - Tubal Patency Test (Female)

What are the three common tests used to test fertility?

- Control Bleeding Episodes - Replacement of the missing/dysfunctional factor in the blood - Desmopresolin Acetate - Anti-Fibrinogen Drugs - Oral Contraceptives

What are treatments for Von Willebrand Disease?

- Protect toddlers with soft helmets, padding on the knees, carpets in the home, and softened or covered corners - Children should stay active: swimming, baseball, basketball, and bicycling are good physical activities - Avoid intense contact sports such as football, wrestling, soccer, and high diving - Avoid trampoline use and riding all-terrain vehicles - Arrange premedication with Amicar if oral surgery is indicated

What are ways to prevent bleeding in the child with hemophilia?

- Intellectual Disability - Premature Birth - Low Birth Weight - Blindness - Death

What can herpes type 2 (genital herpes) cause at birth?

Factor Replacement and Monitoring for Safety

What does a child with hemophilia require?

Adequate Oxygenation and may require packed red blood cells (PRBCs)

What does a child with iron-deficiency anemia require?

- Intramuscular Injections - Aspirin/Aspirin-Containing Products - Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications (ibuprofen) - Rectal Temperatures - Invasive Procedures

What five things should you avoid in children with low platelet counts?

Foods containing folic acid (green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, fortified breads, cereals, rice, and pasta)

What foods help prevent neural tube disorders?

Vaginal Candidiasis

What has symptoms of pruritus, vaginal discharge (thick, white, curd-like), vaginal soreness, vulvar burning, erythema in the vulvovaginal area, dyspareunia, and external dysuria?

- Thin white homogenous vaginal discharge - Vaginal pH 4.5 - Positive "whiff test" - Presence of clue cells on wet-mount examination Three of four need to be present

What has to be present in order to diagnose bacterial vaginosis?

Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia

What indicates that you need to perform a hemoglobin electrophoresis test?

Oral Mucositis

What is a common side effect of methotrexate?

A fasting blood glucose greater than 126 mg/dl is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus.

What is a laboratory result diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?

Fluid Replacement

What is a priority consideration for a child with diabetes insipidus?

HSCT (Hematopoietic stem cell transplant)

What is a procedure in which hematopoietic stem cells are infused intravenously into the child?

hysterosalpingography

What is a radiologic examination of the fallopian tubes using a radiopaque medium?

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

What is a sexually associated infection characterized by alterations in vaginal flora in which lactobacilli in the vagina are replaced with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria?

The child cannot properly dress herself.

What is an example of impaired adaptive functioning in an 8-year-old girl with a developmental disorder?

Graves Disease

What is an overproduction of thyroid hormones known as?

Failure of the bone marrow to produce cells

What is aplastic anemia?

Needle Thoracotomy to relieve the air collected in the space

What is indicated for tension pneumothorax to relieve air collected in the space?

Vaginal Candidiasis

What is one of the most common causes of vaginal discharge?

Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal) when a man controls his ejaculation and ejaculates on the outside of the vagina

What is one of the oldest and most widely used means of preventing pregnancy and also one of the least effective methods for presenting pregnancy?

Dyspareunia

What is painful intercourse known as?

EPO (derived primarily from the liver in the fetus, and after birth the kidneys take over)

What is the hormone that regulates RBC production?

- Administering Oxygen to correct hypoxemia - Administering Analgesics to provide pain relief - Maintaining fluid intake to thin out viscosity and allow cells to flow

What is the management for a vaso-occlusive crisis?

- Intravenous Calcium Gluconate for acute or severe tetany - Intramuscular or Oral Calcium as prescribed

What is the medical management for hypoparathyroidism?

Penicillin G Benzathine

What is the medication of choice for early syphilis?

Chlamydia

What is the most common and fastest-spreading bacterial infection in the United States?

Leukemia

What is the most common childhood cancer?

Human Papillomovirus (HPV)

What is the most common viral infection?

1.5 to 8.0

What is the normal range for absolute neutrophil count?

Engaging in Abstinence

What is the only way to completely avoid contracting STIs?

Metronidazole and Tinidazole

What is the therapeutic management for trichomoniasis?

- NSAIDs - Corticosteroids - Anti-Malaria Agents - Dialysis if necessary

What is the treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematous?

Metronidazole and Clindamycin Cream

What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

Azithromycin Doxycycline Erythromycin Levofloxacin

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

Acyclovir Valacyclovir Antivirals No Cure

What is the treatment for genital herpes?

Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

Cephalosporin and Doxycycline

What is the treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease?

Penicillin G Benzathine

What is the treatment for syphilis?

Metronidazole and Tinidazole Both partners need to be treated, avoid sex until symptom free, avoid alcohol

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?

Miconozole Clotrimazole Terconazole Fluconazole Cotton Panties

What is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis?

Cervical Mucus Ovulation Method

What is used to assess the character of cervical mucus?

- RBC - Hemoglobin - Hematocrit

What laboratory diagnostics are needed for folic acid deficiency?

- RBC - Hemoglobin - Hematocrit - Low Vitamin B12 Level

What laboratory diagnostics are needed for pernicious anemia?

- Diabetes - Postdates Gestation - Prepregnancy Obesity

What maternal factors are contributory to a newborn being large for gestational age?

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

What measures percentage of normal and abnormal hemoglobin in the blood?

Basal Body Temperature

What refers to the lowest temperature reached on awakening?

Epinephrine

What reverses histamine release and hypotension due to anaphylaxis?

Trichomoniasis

What sexually transmitted infection has symptoms of vulvar itching and a malodorous foamy yellow vaginal discharge?

Radiation Therapy

What treatment for cancer may be used as a curative, adjuvant, or palliative treatment, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy?

1 hour before or 2 hours after consuming milk, tea, or antacids

When should you give iron supplements?

- Abdomen - Buttocks - Back

Where should a contraceptive patch be applied to?