NUR 320 Nursing Informatics Ch. 1 & 2

conceptual framework

Framework used in research to chart feasible course of action or to present a desired approach to a study or analysis; built from a set of concepts that are related to a proposed or existing system of methods, behavior, functions, relationships, and objects. A relational model. A formal way of thinking or conceptualizing about a phenomenon, process, or system under study.

Interfaces

Mechanisms or systems used by separate things to interact. For example, if one wants to change a CD in a CD player, one could use a remote; the human user is not related to the CD player but can interact with it using the remote control.

Health level screen

***

Indiana Health Information Exchange

A collaborative effort among institutions in Indiana to provide high-quality patient care and enhance the safety and efficiency of health care.

Consolidated Health Informatics (CHI)

A collaborative effort to adopt health information interoperability standards, particularly health vocabulary and messaging standards, for implementation in federal government systems.

Summaries

A condensed version of the original designed to highlight its major points.

Massachusetts Health Data Consortium

A consortium of regional healthcare organizations that collects data, publishes comparative information, supports and promotes electronic standards, educates, and researches.

relational database

A database that can store and retrieve data very rapidly. "Relational" refers to how the data are stored in the database and how they are organized.

Federal Health information exchange

A federal information technology healthcare initiative that enables the secure electronic one-way exchange of patient medical information from the Department of Defense's legacy health information system, the Composite Health Care System (CHCS), for all separated service members to the Veterans Affairs' (VA) VistA Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS). The point of care in veterans affairs.

Next-Generation Internet

A government project to develop new, faster technologies to enhance research and communication.

Internet2

A nonprofit consortium that develops and deploys advanced network applications and technologies, for education and high-speed data transfer purposes. Led by 212 universities, it is also known as University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development.

Data mining

A process of utilizing software to sort through data so as to discover patterns and ascertain or establish relationships. This process may help to discover or uncover previously unidentified relationships among the data in a database.

dissemination

A thoughtful, intentional, goal-oriented communication of specific, useful information or knowledge.

Processing

Acting on something by taking it through established procedures so as to convert it from one form to another. Examples include the processing of information into data and the processing of a credit application to get a loan.

National Health Information Network

An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services charged with the development of a safe, secure, interoperable health information infrastructure.

New England Health EDI Network

An example of an implementation model for building regional health information organizations that are functional, sustainable, and growing while reducing administrative costs.

National Health Information Infrastructure

An initiative intended to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and overall quality of health and health care in the United States. A comprehensive knowledge-based network of interoperable systems of clinical, public health, and personal health information that would improve decision making by making health information available when and where it is needed. The set of technologies, standards, applications, systems, values, and laws that support all facets of individual health, health care, and public health. The NHII is voluntary and not a centralized database of medical records or a government regulation.

Library science

An interdisciplinary science that integrates law, applied science, and the humanities to study issues and topics related to libraries (collection, organization, preservation, archiving, and dissemination of information resources).

transparent wisdom

Applying knowledge in a practical way or translating knowledge into actions without conscious thought.

Communication Science

Area of concentration or discipline that studies human communication.

Evidence

Artifacts, productions, attestations, or other examples that demonstrate an individual's knowledge, skills, or valued attributes.

building blocks

Basic elements or parts of nursing informatics such as information science, computer science, cognitive science, and nursing science.

Computer Science

Branch of engineering (application of science) that studies the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. The study of storage/memory, conversion and transformation, and transfer or transmission of information in machines— that is, computers—through both algorithms and practical implementation problems. Algorithms are detailed, unambiguous action sequences in the design, efficiency, and application of computer systems, whereas practical implementation problems deal with the software and hardware.

Telecommunications

Broadcasting or transmitting signals over a distance from one person to another person or from one location to another location for the purpose of communication.

Output

Changes that exit a system and that can activate or modify processing.

Outcome

Changes, results, and/or impacts from inputting and processing.

Clinical databases

Collections of related patient records stored in a computer system using software that permits a person or program to query the data to extract needed patient information.

Computer-based information systems

Combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational setings.

Electronic health records

Computer-based data warehouses or repositories of information regarding the health status of a client, which are replacing the former paper-based medical records; they are the systematic documentation of a client's health status and health care in a secured digital format, meaning that they can be processed, stored, transmitted, and accessed by authorized interdisciplinary professionals for the purpose of supporting efficient, high quality health care across the client's healthcare continuum. Also known as electronic medical records (EMRs).

nursing theory

Concepts, propositions, and definitions that represent a methodical viewpoint and provide a framework for organizing and standardizing nursing actions.

Input

Data and information entered into a computer system.

Information

Data that are interpreted, organized, or structured. Data processed using knowledge or data made functional through the application of knowledge.

Knowledge Dissemination

Distribution and sharing of knowledge.

Report

Document that contains data or information based on a query or investigation designed to yield customized content in relation to a situation and a user, group of users, or an organization. Designed to inform, reports may include recommendations or suggestions based on programming and other embedded parameters.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Electronic devices that connect with each other to provide real-time data and interpretation of data without human intervention

Clinical practice guidelines

Informal or formal rules or guiding principles that a healthcare provider uses when determining diagnostic tests and treatment strategies for individual patients. In the electronic health record, they are included in a variety of ways such as prompts, pop-ups, and text messages.

Feedback

Input in the form of opinions about or reactions to something such as shared knowledge. In an information system, feedback refers to information from the system that is used to make modifications in the input, processing actions, or outputs.

Cognitive science

Interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information processing perspective.

Foundation of Knowledge model

Model proposing that humans are organic information systems constantly acquiring, processing, generating, and disseminating information or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives. The organizing framework of this text.

Health information exchange

Organization that prepares and organizes people and resources to manage healthcare information electronically across organizations within a community or region.

Chief Technology Officers

People focused on organizationally based scientific and technological research and development as part of the organization's products and services.

chief information officers

People involved with the information technology infrastructure of an organization. This role is sometimes called chief knowledge officer.

Data

Raw facts that lack meaning.

analysis

Separating a whole into its elements or component parts; examination of a concept or phenomena, its elements, and their relations.

Rapid Syndromic Validation Project

System where local healthcare professionals report cases such as influenza. Data are analyzed centrally, and the resulting information is shared with appropriate local authorities in an attempt to identify outbreaks early and prevent the spread of contagious diseases.

acquisition

The act of acquiring; to locate and hold. We acquire data and information.

knowledge processing

The activity or process of gathering or collecting, perceiving, analyzing, synthesizing, saving or storing, manipulating, conveying, and transmitting knowledge.

Knowledge

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision; abounds with others' thoughts are information. Information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized. Understanding that comes through a process of interaction or experience with the world around us. Information that has judgement applied to it or meaning extracted from it. Processed information that helps to clarify or explain some portion of our environment or world that we can use as a basis for action or upon which we can act. Internal process of thinking or cognition. External process of testing. senses, observation, or interacting.

knowledge generation

The creation of new knowledge by changing and evolving knowledge based on one's experience, education, and input from others.

Information systems

The manual and/or automated components of a system of users or people, recorded data, and actions used to process the data into information for a user, group of users, or an organization.

Information Science

The science of information, studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacings or interaction between people, organizations, and information systems. An extensive, interdisciplinary science that integrates features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science, and social services.

knowledge worker

Those who work with information and generate knowledge as a product.

Document

To capture and save information for later use.

nursing informatics

Traditional definition: A specialty that integrated nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. Our definition: The synthesis of nursing science, information science, and cognitive science for the purpose of managing, disseminating, and enhancing healthcare data, information, knowledge, and wisdom to improve collaboration and decision making; provide high-quality patient care; and advance the profession of nursing. NI is the specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information management and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. NI supports nurses, consumers, patients, the interprofessional healthcare team, and other stakeholders in their decision making in all roles and settings to achieve desired outcomes. This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes, and information technology.

Information technology

Use of hardware, software, services, and supporting infrastructure to manage and deliver information using voice data, and video, or the use of technologies from computing, electronics, and telecommunications to process and distribute information in digital and other forms. Anything related to computing technology, such as networking, hardware, software, the internet, or the people who work with these technologies. Many hospitals have IT departments for managing the computers, networks, and other technical areas of the healthcare industry.

Alert

Warning or additional information provided to clinicians to help with decision making; the action of the clinician or system triggers the generation of an alert. For example, an alert could be generated if the patient's serum potassium level is high and he is on potassium chloride; the system would alert the nurse on the screen (soft copy alert) with or without audio and/or by a printed (hard copy alert) warning. Also known as a trigger.

Cloud Computing

Web browser-based login-accessible data, software, and hardware; could link systems together and reduce costs.

Synthesis

combining parts of existing material or ideas into a new entity or concept.

Stakeholders

individuals or groups with the responsibility for completing a project and influencing the overall design, and those who are most impacted by success or failure of the system implementation.

knowledge acquisition

the act of getting knowledge.

nursing science

the ethical application of knowledge acquired through education, research, and practice to provide services and interventions to patients so as to maintain, enhance, or restore their health; to advocate for health; and to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate nursing knowledge to advance

Borrowed Theory

theories borrowed or made use of from other disciplines. As nursing began to evolve, theories from other discipline (e.g. psychology, sociology) were adopted to try to empirically describe, explain, or predict nursing phenomena. As nursing theories continue to be developed, nurses are now questioning whether these borrowed theories were sufficient or satisfactory in their relation to the nursing phenomena they were used to describe, explain, or predict.