NURS 242 Exam 3- Disparities
What are some examples of health disparities from the reading in giddens
- breast cancer mortality - Diabetes - early in adequate prenatal care - healthcare access - cardiovascular disease - immunizations - infant, fetal, and prenatal mortality - invasive cervical cancer - obesity - pain management - Pap smear screening - preventative care
What are the six categories of avoidable and unacceptable healthcare disparities according to Giddens
1. Lack of health insurance and high healthcare costs 2. Language barriers 3. Lack of transportation to healthcare providers 4. Provider patient communication 5. Biased clinical decision making 6. Patients mistrust and refusal
What are context to Nursing and Health Care?
1. Unavoidable and Acceptable - should not be a concern for nurses. Ex) In ER, nurses can observe health disparities. In emergency visits by age; in general older people make more emergency visits compared to younger 2. Unavoidable and Unacceptable - should be a concern for nurses. the high prevelance of DM among hispanic population might be due to genetic factors so that a disparity in the prevelance of DM can be unavoidable. 3. Avoidable and Acceptable - rare in health care. exist among people involved and those not involved in a natural disaster. when a natural disaster occurs, unequal health outcomes among residents in the affected area may be acceptable even though the disaster and resultant health disparity could be avoidable. 4. Avoidable and Unacceptable - targets of interventions. a disparity in cancer pain management exists bw asians and whites.
What are the clinical featured exemplars?
1. Unequal receipt of early and adequate prenatal care - prenatal care by 28 weeks. Barriers are limited resources, transportation, and not knowing pregnant 2. Unequal receipt of recommended immunizations - protects from illness and protects others who are not vaccinated. children from poor and middle households were less likely to receive all the recommended vaccinations compared to white children or high income children 3. unequal pain management - blacks and Hispanics are seen as more likely to require scrutiny for potential drug abuse. PCP are likely to underestimate pain in AA and Hispanics 4. Breast Cancer Screenings - women without insurance less likely to set mammograms. disparities in breast cancer screening result from low income, lack of local mammography center, lack of transportation to a mammography center 5. unequal palliative care - minority older adults have lower rates of hospice use than their white counterparts across diagnoses, geographic areas, settings of care.
What are attributes & criteria of health disparities?
1. natural, biological variation 2. health damaging behavior that is freely chosen 3. the transient health advantage of one group over another when 1 is first to adopt a health promotion behavior. 4. health damaging behavior in which the degree of choice of lifestyle is restricted 5. exposure to unhealthy, stressful living and working conditions 6. inadequate access to essential health services and other basic services 7. natural selection, or health restricted social mobility, involving the tendency for sick people to move down the social scale.
2) The nurse knows that to promote secondary prevention of breast cancer the patient should be encouraged to do which of the following: (Select all that apply) A) Perform breast self examinations while in the shower on a regular basis (monthly at minimum) B) Begin yearly mammograms at the age of 45. C) Contact health care provider if abnormalities in breasts found (lumps, nipple discharge if not lactating, changes in breasts) D) Trust that breast cancer won't happen to them because they have no family history E) Promote healthy diet with fresh fruits, vegetables and lean meats as well as regular exercise.
A) Perform breast self examinations while in the shower on a regular basis (monthly at minimum) B) Begin yearly mammograms at the age of 45. C) Contact health care provider if abnormalities in breasts found (lumps, nipple discharge if not lactating, changes in breasts)
What steps has the federal government taken to promote women's health? (Select all that apply) A) Wave fees for screening exams. B) Implement Affordable Care Act C) Promote electronic health record use to ensure timely and efficient communication and results. D) Support states efforts in early detection and screening for breast cancer. E) Promote education via many media to promote awareness.
A) Wave fees for screening exams. B) Implement Affordable Care Act C) Promote electronic health record use to ensure timely and efficient communication and results. D) Support states efforts in early detection and screening for breast cancer. E) Promote education via many media to promote awareness.
Which of the following are socioeconomic status factors associated with an individual or group's risk for developing and surviving cancer? Select all that apply A) access to education B) Health insurance C) living conditions D) exposure to environmental toxins E) physical activity
A) access to education B) Health insurance C) living conditions D) exposure to environmental toxins
The nurse knows which of the following groups has the highest death rate from breast cancer? A. African America Women B. Hispanic Women C. White women D. Asian Women
A. African America Women
The nurse knows that black women have higher death rates from breast cancer because of the following reasons. Select all that apply. A. Black women delay follow up tests after results of a mammogram are abnormal B. After cancer is found fewer black women receive the surgery, radiation, and hormone treatments they need C. Fewer social and economic resources D. Black women have more aggressive cancers
A. Black women delay follow up tests after results of a mammogram are abnormal B. After cancer is found fewer black women receive the surgery, radiation, and hormone treatments they need C. Fewer social and economic resources D. Black women have more aggressive cancers
What can you do as nurse to reduce the health disparities in women related to breast cancer? A. Make sure that women get recommended test and treatment B. Teach patient to use and check electronic systems to review test result and reminders of futures appointments. C. Follow up with patient after 60 days of the mammogram D. Recommend to start treatment after 30 days of abnormal mammogram result.
A. Make sure that women get recommended test and treatment B. Teach patient to use and check electronic systems to review test result and reminders of futures appointments.
Who is the nurse most concerned Will have aggressive breast tumors? A) middle aged white woman B) elderly Latino woman C) younger African American woman D) middle aged American Indian woman
C) younger African American woman
Select all that apply: What conditions are most commonly seen in conjunction with neglected diseases? A. Unsafe drinking water B. Substandard housing C. Universal Healthcare D. Poor Sanitation E. Good hand hygiene
A. Unsafe drinking water B. Substandard housing D. Poor Sanitation
True or False: Positive academic outcomes have no link to healthy behavior?
ANSWER: False, positive academic outcomes are correlated with higher rates of healthy behavior.
The 5 year survival rate is higher for oral pharyngeal (throat) cancers among African American men than Caucasian men. True or false?
Answer: False. ( Lower, not higher)
Which of the following neglected diseases causes large open sores on the body? A. Trachoma B. Yaws C. Malaria D. Hookworm E. Buruli ulcer
E. Buruli ulcer
Which of the following has the highest mortality rate of any racial or ethnic group for all cancers? A) American Indian B) African-American C) Asian American D) Hispanic
B) African-American
A female patient from a low income home is concerned about her ability to afford yearly mammograms for breast cancer screening. What resources could the nurse utilize to promote high quality health care for this patient? A) Collaborate with physician to wave fees for screening. B) Promote home screening, begin application for Medicaid and refer to social worker. C) Tell patient that she does not need to worry about mammograms if she does home testing efficiently enough. D) Tell the patient that low income patients usually have low mortality rates related to cancer so screening is not necessary anyway.
B) Promote home screening, begin application for Medicaid and refer to social worker.
The nurse would question a student nurse discussing cancer disparities when she says: A) African Americans have a higher incidence & mortality rate of colorectal cancer B) kidney cancer incidence & mortality rates are twice as high in woman than men C) The disproportionate burden of cervical cancer in Latino and African-American women is primarily due to lack of screening D) while rates have stabilized for breast cancer in non-Hispanic white women, rates continue to increase for African-American women
B) kidney cancer incidence & mortality rates are twice as high in woman than men
What is the best way to screen for breast cancer? A. Self-Breast examination B. A mammogram C. Ultra-sounds D. Radiation
B. A mammogram
What is the second cause of death among women in US? A. Arthritis B. Breast Cancer C. Asthma D. Atherosclerosis
B. Breast Cancer
Why are some racial and ethnic groups more prone to higher death rates for breast cancer than others? A. Increased level of stress B. Having more aggressive cancers and fewer social and economic resources C. Mammograms are less effective for certain ethnicities D. Breast cancer tends to speed up in certain racial groups than others
B. Having more aggressive cancers and fewer social and economic resources
Hookworm is a neglected disease found primarily in Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia and China and areas of poverty, what are some signs and symptoms you might expect to see in someone with this illness? Select all that apply. A. No signs or symptoms this disease only infects animals B. Low blood pressure from loss of blood C. Low hematocrit D. Low hemoglobin E. Low weight and small for age and gender
B. Low blood pressure from loss of blood C. Low hematocrit D. Low hemoglobin E. Low weight and small for age and gender
You are a nurse and you want to work in a country that has a neglected disease, so you can make a difference in the lives of others. You ask your instructor what types of climates commonly have neglected disease, which answer given by the instructor is correct? A. Somewhere cold and dry B. Somewhere with a tropical climate C. Somewhere hot and dry D. Somewhere cold and wet
B. Somewhere with a tropical climate
You are a nurse on a mission trip to Africa, what answer best explains why you will see a higher amount of neglected diseases? A. The Citizens really just don't care about healthy living and enjoy living in filth B. The poor populations in the country have less access to sanitary living, stable housing, health care and clean drinking water C. The government withholds cures from the population to control them and keep the population down D. There are no doctors and nurses working in the country only volunteers
B. The poor populations in the country have less access to sanitary living, stable housing, health care and clean drinking water
The nurse knows the nursing student understands teaching regarding populations who are most at risk for death related to breast cancer when they make the following statement.: A) "Men are at a higher risk of having a poor prognosis when diagnosed with breast cancer" B) "Those with a history of multiple mylomas have a higher survival rate." C) "African American women have a higher death rate than Caucasian women." D) "Those who are diagnosed later in the disease process have a better chance of survival because more aggressive treatments can be used more quickly"
C) "African American women have a higher death rate than Caucasian women."
What is the best definition of neglected disease? A. Disease caused by people who neglect their own health B. Diseases found primarily in developed nations with good health insurance C. Diseases that cause health burdens on the poorest populations, most of these being infectious disease D. Diseases that are found in children in the foster care system
C. Diseases that cause health burdens on the poorest populations, most of these being infectious disease
Jane, the manager of the ER is reviewing the census for ER visits over the last three months. She notices that 68% of the clients that have visited the ER in the last three months were over the age of 70, 20% of the clients were ages 44 to 69, 2% of the clients were 19 to 43, and 10% of those were ages 18 and under. This is an example of which of the following A. Avoidable and unacceptable B. Avoidable and acceptable C. Unavoidable and acceptable D. Unavoidable and unacceptable
C. Unavoidable and acceptable
What resources are available to those who can not afford breast cancer screening? A) Home screening and primary prevention only B) Payment plans for services rendered only. C) Avoiding any screening. D) Government funded insurance plans, financial assistance/payment reductions, foundations for women's health.
D) Government funded insurance plans, financial assistance/payment reductions, foundations for women's health.
Which of the following groups have the highest rates for cancers associated with infection, such as liver, stomach, and cervical cancer's? A) American Indian B) African-American C) Asian American D) Hispanic
D) Hispanic
African-American populations have a high prevalence of hypertension due to genetic factors. Alan a RN volunteer at a free clinic knows this information because he studied it at Lcc. He also understands that many of the patients he sees that the free clinic have trouble getting to the free clinic for treatment. Ellen also understands that there are many patients of his population that do not seek treatment for the hypertension. This is an example of which of the following A. Avoidable and unacceptable B. Avoidable and acceptable C. Unavoidable and acceptable D. Unavoidable and unacceptable
D. Unavoidable and unacceptable
True or False. Rural areas are more likely to have subspecialty health care and more high intensity care?
False.
Match each Siri with its appropriate description A. Dual nature of human existence; combinations of socially shared understandings within a society; people are constrained by the external structures in which they are in bedded B. Bridge the divide between the largely biomedical, white, middle-class American culture perspectives of clinicians in the perspectives of patients mainly immigrants who is experiencing language put them at a substantial culture distance from American healthcare C. Dynamic in a relations among various personal and environmental factors; evolved from theory of child development ____ social ecological model ____ structural constructivist model ____ cultural competence model
__c__ social ecological model __a__ structural constructivist model __b__ cultural competence model
Which environments contribute to healthy LGBT individuals?(Select all that apply) a. Access to recreational facilities and activities. b. Availability of safe meeting places. c. Access to health services d. Safer schools, neighborhood and housing.
a. Access to recreational facilities and activities. b. Availability of safe meeting places. c. Access to health services d. Safer schools, neighborhood and housing.
What group of populations are more likely to experience worse outcomes in the areas of obesity, unintended pregnancy, tooth decay, and educational achievement? Select all that apply a. African American b. Caucasian c. Asian d. American Indian
a. African American d. American Indian
African Americans have a higher mortality rate from which types of cancers? Select all that apply. a. Breast b. Cervical c. Lung d. Colorectal e. Prostate
a. Breast b. Cervical c. Lung d. Colorectal e. Prostate
What are the determinants of health? Select all that apply: a. Clean water b. Job security c. Own private transportation d. Culturally sensitive health care providers e. Non-polluted air f. Large stocks of toilet paper
a. Clean water d. Culturally sensitive health care providers e. Non-polluted air
The preceptor knows the new nurse needs further education about community water fluoridation when she says: a. Community water fluoridation only benefits people with money b. Fluoridated water keeps teeth strong c. Community receives supplemental fluoride through water system d. Cavities are reduced in both children & adults
a. Community water fluoridation only benefits people with money
which of the following negatively affect the health and wellbeing of the LGBTQ community? Select all that apply. a. Discrimination in access to health insurance. b. Lack of laws protecting against bullying. c. Healthcare providers that are not knowledgeable about the LGBTQ community. d. Support groups and meetings for members of the LGBTQ community. e. Lack of social programs for the youth LGBTQ community.
a. Discrimination in access to health insurance. b. Lack of laws protecting against bullying. c. Healthcare providers that are not knowledgeable about the LGBTQ community. e. Lack of social programs for the youth LGBTQ community *Answer: a,b,c,e are all negative. D is a positive.
After taking a job at a rural hospital, the nurse must recognize which of the following as barriers to healthcare access in rural areas. (Select all that apply) a. Distance and transportation b. Lack of health insurance c. Workforce shortages d.An abundance of hospitals and clinics to choose from
a. Distance and transportation b. Lack of health insurance c. Workforce shortages
Who works on reducing health disparities? Select all that apply. a. Federal agencies b. State agencies c. City agencies d. Membership organizations and foundations e. Hospitals
a. Federal agencies b. State agencies d. Membership organizations and foundations
The nurse knows rural risk factors for health disparities include which of the following? (Select all that apply) a. Geographic isolation b. Lower socioeconomic status c. Lower rates of health risk behaviors d. Limited access to healthcare specialist e. Abundant job opportunities
a. Geographic isolation b. Lower socioeconomic status d. Limited access to healthcare specialist
What are risk factors of health disparities? Select all that apply. a. Geographic isolation b. Lower socioeconomic status c. Low rate of risky behaviors d. Lots of job opportunities e. Limited Access to health care specialties
a. Geographic isolation b. Lower socioeconomic status e. Limited Access to health care specialties
The nurse recognizes the healthcare workforces' impact on rural resident's access to healthcare when they make which of the following statements? a. Healthcare workforce shortages are prevalent throughout rural America. b. A greater representation of workers with more education and training are living in rural areas. c. The majority of all physicians and surgeons choose to practice in rural settings. d.Rural areas often have a surplus of healthcare workers.
a. Healthcare workforce shortages are prevalent throughout rural America.
Which of the following is NOT a bacterial neglected disease? a. Hookworm b. Buruli Ulcer c. Trachoma d. Yaws
a. Hookworm
Select important health and social problems that either start or peak during adolescents? Select all that apply. a. Mental Disorders b. Anger issues c. Smoking/Nicotine Use d. STD's/HIV e. PTSD
a. Mental Disorders c. Smoking/Nicotine Use d. STD's/HIV
What are some of the important health problems that start or peak during years of adolescence? Select all that apply. a. Mental disorders b. Substance use, including smoking and alcohol c. Homelessness d. Homicide e. Suicide f. Motor vehicle collisions
a. Mental disorders b. Substance use, including smoking and alcohol c. Homelessness d. Homicide e. Suicide f. Motor vehicle collisions
Which of the following would be considered to have the poorest oral health? Select all that apply. a. Non-hispanic blacks. b. Asians. c. Hispanics d. American Indians. e. Caucasians. f. Alaska Natives.
a. Non-hispanic blacks. c. Hispanics d. American Indians. f. Alaska Natives.
Select all that apply: What education can the nurse provide to prevent the spread of neglected diseases? a. Pesticides and hanging nets around the bed b. Drinking directly from streams c. Performing hand hygiene and sanitation procedures as little as possible d. Avoiding bathing/wading in water that is high risk for contamination e. How to get safe drinking water
a. Pesticides and hanging nets around the bed d. Avoiding bathing/wading in water that is high risk for contamination e. How to get safe drinking water
What are the benefits of using Community Water Fluoridation to eliminate oral health disparities? a. Reduces & aids in preventing tooth decay among different socioeconomic, racial, & ethinic groups. Drinking fluoridated water keep teeth strong b. By sharing water with the community, there is less water wasted, overall improving the environment c. Allows children to have access to bottled water, who would not be able to afford it d. Grants all unemployed americans free access to dental procedures under $3,000
a. Reduces & aids in preventing tooth decay among different socioeconomic, racial, & ethinic groups. Drinking fluoridated water keep teeth strong
What physical environments contribute to health LGBT individuals? Select all that apply. a. Safe schools, neighborhoods, and housing b. Access to recreational facilities and activities c. Availability of safe meeting places d. Access to health services
a. Safe schools, neighborhoods, and housing b. Access to recreational facilities and activities c. Availability of safe meeting places d. Access to health services
The nurse is educating a group of new nurse graduates in a pediatric unit on adolescent education success and health. Which of the following are correct teaching to the graduates (select all that apply) a. School social environment can affect attendance, likelihood of graduation, and social relationships b. High school graduation does not have correlation with enhanced financial stability in adulthood c. Healthy students are more effective learners d. High school graduation does not affect incarceration rates e. Proficient academic skills are associated with less likelihood to engage in risky behavior
a. School social environment can affect attendance, likelihood of graduation, and social relationships c. Healthy students are more effective learners e. Proficient academic skills are associated with less likelihood to engage in risky behavior
Which of the following is often an associated disorder with identifying as LGBTQ? a. Substance abuse b. Diabetes c. Domestic violence d. Both a and c
a. Substance abuse *A only. C is not a disorder and B does not apply.
What regions of the country does not experience higher levels of rural health disparities? a. The North b. The South c. U.S. Mexico Border d. Appalachia
a. The North
It is important to treat all patients with the same respect regardless of personal opinions. Which communication would be the most effective when speaking to a LGBTQ patient? a. "We should probably get an STD test done, I imagine you have many partners." b. "Can you tell me how you cope with stress?" c. "So, what do I call you?" d. "My friend is gay, so I understand your people better."
b. "Can you tell me how you cope with stress?" *B. A makes an assumption, C is not respectful, there are more therapeutic ways to determine personal pronouns, and D just offensive.
The nurse understands that patients from which part of the country have a higher chance of experiencing rural health disparities. (Select all that apply) a. The Pacific Northwest b. Appalachia c. The Delta Region d. U.S.-Canadian Border e.Tribal Communities
b. Appalachia c. The Delta Region e.Tribal Communities
What challenge might an older adolescent/young adult face as they transition from child to adult health care? a. Lack of support from family b. Changes in insurance coverage c. Emphasis on care for development and behavioral needs d. The inability to have a parent with you during appointments
b. Changes in insurance coverage
Which of the following is a common challenge faced by youth as they transition to the adult health care system? a. Increase in attention to developmental and behavioral needs. b. Changes in insurance coverage and legal status. c. Minimal difference between pediatric and adult healthcare providers with a continuity in care. d. Difficulty in choosing adult healthcare providers due to too many options available.
b. Changes in insurance coverage and legal status.
The nurse working in a rural hospital knows to consider which of the following when scheduling future appointments for their patient. (Select all that apply) a. Make and model of the patient's car b. Distance to the appointment c. Road conditions d.Availability of public transportation
b. Distance to the appointment c. Road conditions d.Availability of public transportation
What lifestyle behaviors contribute to oral health disparities? Select all that apply a. Using a bite guard at night b. Frequent tobacco use c. Alcohol use d. Brushing with an electric toothbrush e. poor dietary choices
b. Frequent tobacco use c. Alcohol use e. poor dietary choices
4. In discussing health disparities, the nursing instructor can see the students correctly understand the information when they say: a. It has to do with nursing staff shortages b. It's when you can't get full quality care because of who you are and your situation c. It's all about racism and sexism d. If you don't have a disease, there is no health disparity
b. It's when you can't get full quality care because of who you are and your situation
Which neglected disease is described as: a disease caused by a parasitic microbe spread by mosquitoes, causing brain damage, or death, if RBC's infected with this disease build up in the brains blood vessels? a. Schistosomiasis b. Malaria c. African Trypanosomiasis d. Trachoma
b. Malaria
Which of the following is not an economic factor that relates to poor oral health? a. Access to health services. b. Poor Dietary Choices. c. Individuals ability to get and keep dental insurance. d. All of the above are correct.
b. Poor Dietary Choices. *This is a social factor not economic
Which of the following describes School Sealant Programs? Select all that apply a. Provide sealants to all children with cavities b. Sealants are a thin plastic coating applied to grooves of teeth c. Help decrease oral health disparity d. Sealants help prevent tooth decay e. Only benefit children who receive regular dental care f. Prevent the need for orthodontic care later in life g. Area a high cost program that is not a realistic option for low income families
b. Sealants are a thin plastic coating applied to grooves of teeth c. Help decrease oral health disparity d. Sealants help prevent tooth decay
Which of the following makes it difficult to estimate the number of LGBT individuals? Select all that apply a. All LGBT individuals refuse to disclose information during sexuality and gender questions b. Sexual orientation and gender identity questions are not asked on state and national surveys c. LGBT individuals encompass all races, ethnicities, religions, and social classes d. LGBT individuals are not given an opportunity to identify other sexual orientations and other gender identities
b. Sexual orientation and gender identity questions are not asked on state and national surveys c. LGBT individuals encompass all races, ethnicities, religions, and social classes d. LGBT individuals are not given an opportunity to identify other sexual orientations and other gender identities
Which of the following social factors can contribute to oral health disparities? a. Low income. b. Tobacco Use. c. Large Family. d. Rural Living.
b. Tobacco Use.
Why has alcohol abuse been an ongoing problem in the LGBT community? a. That unstable lifestyle leads to making bad choices. b. Traditionally, bars and clubs were the only safe gathering places. c. Alcoholism is a weakness of character. d. None of the above.
b. Traditionally, bars and clubs were the only safe gathering places.
At what age are adults at an increased risk for a periodontal disease? a. 45 and older b. 45-55 c. 65 and older d. 60-70
c. 65 and older
Which of the following best fits the description of a person at high risk of a health care disparity? a. 17 year old female that lives in a small rural town b. 54 year old African American male living in the deep inner city c. 84 year old Russian speaking immigrant that is a rocket scientist with several PhD's who smokes and moved here from near Chernobyl, Ukraine d. White male, 47 years old, who suffers from PTSD
c. 84 year old Russian speaking immigrant that is a rocket scientist with several PhD's who smokes and moved here from near Chernobyl, Ukraine
The nurse is conducting research on media exposure to adolescents and the outcomes it can have. Which of the following does the nurse know is a negative outcome from media exposure? Select all that apply. a. Communication with peers from school via twitter b. Entertainment by watching Avengers on disney plus c. Bullying in comments under a facebook post d. Sending explicit pictures to a boyfriend/girlfriend d. Watching a youtube channel that focuses on physiology to help with a course in school
c. Bullying in comments under a facebook post d. Sending explicit pictures to a boyfriend/girlfriend
Which of the following statements is false regarding LGBT health? a. LGBT youth are 2 to 3 times more likely to attempt suicide b. Gay men are at higher risk of HIV and other STDs, especially amoung communities of color c. Elderly LGBT individuals do not face barriers to health disparities due to better access to healthcare d. LGBT populations have the highest rates of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use
c. Elderly LGBT individuals do not face barriers to health disparities due to better access to healthcare
Which of the following patients are at highest risk for poor oral health? a. Jim, a 38 year old Asian male who brushes once a day b. Gloria, a 23 year old African American female who brushes two times a day & drinks alcohol on the weekends c. Leon, a 54 year old Hispanic male who brushed once a day, chews tobacco 5+ times a day, & eats fast food 3-4 times a week d. Liz, a 2 year old Asian female that just began her 1st dental visits
c. Leon, a 54 year old Hispanic male who brushed once a day, chews tobacco 5+ times a day, & eats fast food 3-4 times a week
Which ethnic groups is liver cancer most common? Select all that apply. a. African American b. White c. Native American d. Asian/Pacific Islander e. American Indian
c. Native American d. Asian/Pacific Islander
Who is at the highest risk of health disparities for rural residents? a. High economic status b. Covered by Medicaid c. No employer coverage d. Covered by blue cross
c. No employer coverage
Which of the following have not improved LGBT health? a. Anti Bullying rules in schools b. Provision of supportive services to decrease homelessness and suicide c. Requiring individuals to state their sexual orientation. d. Collecting SOGI date in health related surveys in order to identify LGBT disparities
c. Requiring individuals to state their sexual orientation.
What factors has the greatest impact on underserved populations? a. Education b. Race c. Socioeconimc status d. Childhood trauma/abuse
c. Socioeconimc status
Why are neglected diseases NOT considered "high priority" for prevention/treatment? a. They are commonly seen in the USA b. They cause large outbreaks c. They occur in less developed countries and exact their toll over long periods of time d. They are low cost for pharmaceutical companies to treat
c. They occur in less developed countries and exact their toll over long periods of time
6. Which of the following patient information does not include something that may influence that patient's ability to access care? a. 14 year old male with asthma who attends a private boarding school b. 73 year old male who has had only his annual appointments with the same doctor for the past thirty years c. 29 year old male with diabetes who lives in San Francisco d. 42 year old male who has a family history of heart disease
d. 42 year old male who has a family history of heart disease
Overall, which demographic has the highest mortality rate from cancer? a. White women b. White men c. African American women d. African American men
d. African American men
What are the benefits in reducing disparities in the LGBT community? a. Reduces disease transmission b. Reduce health care costs c. Increased mental and physical well-being d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Jim uses oxygen at home, gets around on a wheelchair, and lives in the country. He does not drive anymore, lives alone, but has grown children that check up on him regularly. He has a decent retirement check each month from GM, and excellent medical insurance. He is an English-speaking white male, 65 years old. The nurse assessing his situation draws what conclusion? a. Jim has no health disparities b. Jim is a victim of grievous health disparities c. Jim has some health disparities d. Further assessment is needed
d. Further assessment is needed
Second leading cause of death among African American men is a. Lung cancer b. Heart disease c. Kidney failure d. Prostate cancer
d. Prostate cancer
The nurse understands which of the following family support measures results in a more positive outcome in adolescent health a. The parent that is not involved with the adolescent's activity in order to foster total independence b. The family has trouble producing rent monthly and relies on federal programs to buy groceries c. The child does not have a strong relationship with an adult and relies on peers from school for emotional support d. The caring parent supervises the child to decrease risky behavior
d. The caring parent supervises the child to decrease risky behavior
Adolescents exposed to media with violence, smoking, and drinking are more likely to: a. avoid these behaviors b. educate others peers about the harmful effects c. spend more time researching these topics d. adopt these behaviors
d. adopt these behaviors
5. What goals did Healthy People 2020 add to improve upon Health People 2010 goals? a. achieve health equity b. eliminate disparities c. include the health of all groups d. all of the above e. a and c only f. b and c only g. none of the above
e. a and c only
