nurs 327 exam 4
Which of the following the are early manifestations of liver cancer? Select all that apply.
Pain Continuous aching in the back
A client admitted with severe epigastric abdominal pain radiating to the back is vomiting and reports difficulty breathing. Upon assessment, the nurse determines that the client is experiencing tachycardia and hypotension. Which actions are priority interventions for this client? Select all that apply.
Administer pain-relieving medication Administer electrolytes Administer plasma Assist the client to a semi-Fowler position
A client with gallstones tells the nurse, "The doctor has to do something. Isn't there something he can give me to dissolve them?" What medication does the nurse know may help dissolve the gallstones?
Chenodiol
A client is seeing the physician for a suspected tumor of the liver. What laboratory study results would indicate that the client may have a primary malignant liver tumor?
Elevated alpha-fetoprotein
A client has ascites. Which of the following interventions would the nurse prepare to assist with implementing to help the client control this condition? Select all that apply.
Instructing the client to remove salty and salted foods from the diet Administering prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone) Assisting with placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
A nursing coordinator calls the intensive care unit (ICU) to inform the department that a client with a suspected pheochromocytoma will be admitted from the emergency department. The ICU nurse should prepare to administer which drug to the client?
Nitroprusside
A client is admitted to the hospital with acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices. What medication should the nurse anticipate administering that will reduce pressure in the portal venous system and control esophageal bleeding?
Octreotide
A nurse cares for a client who is post op open cholecystectomy and has a T-tube in place. Which clinical situation will the nurse notify the health care provider about as a possible complication of the surgery?
Significantly reduced bile output from the T-tube.
Which category of oral antidiabetic agents exerts the primary action by directly stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin?
Sulfonylureas
The nurse is teaching an older client how to self-administer insulin. Which of the following would be most helpful to the client who is having difficulty drawing up the correct dosage of insulin in the syringe?
Syringe magnifier
Which laboratory test results should a nurse expect to find in a client diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
T4, 2 µg/dl; T3, 35 ng/dl; TSH 45 mIU/ml
A nurse practitioner treating a patient who is diagnosed with hepatitis A should provide health care information. Which of the following statements are correct for this disorder? Select all that apply.
There is a 70% chance that jaundice will occur. Transmission of the virus is possible with oral-anal contact during sex. Typically there is a spontaneous recovery.
The nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin and about mixing regular and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. Which information is important to include in the teaching plan?
When mixing insulin, the regular insulin is drawn up into the syringe first.
What is the duration of regular insulin?
4 to 6 hours
A client diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is stabilized and prepared for discharge. When preparing the client for discharge and home management, which statement indicates that the client understands his condition and how to control it
"I can avoid getting sick by not becoming dehydrated and by paying attention to my need to urinate, drink, or eat more than usual."
Which statement best indicates that a client understands how to administer his own insulin injections?
"I wrote down the steps in case I forget what to do."
Health teaching for a patient with diabetes who is prescribed Humulin N, an intermediate NPH insulin, would include which of the following advice?
"You should take your insulin after you eat breakfast and dinner."
The nurse is preparing to administer IV fluids for a patient with ketoacidosis who has a history of hypertension and congestive heart failure. What order for fluids would the nurse anticipate infusing for this patient?
0.45 normal saline
The nurse is administering lispro insulin. Based on the onset of action, how long before breakfast should the nurse administer the injection?
10-15 min
A nurse is responsible for monitoring the diet of a client with hepatic encephalopathy. Which daily protein intake should this 185-pound (84-kilogram) male consume?
100 to 126 grams
A female diabetic patient who weighs 130 lb has an ideal body weight of 116 lb. For weight reduction of 2 lb/week, approximately what should her daily caloric intake be?
1000 calories
A nurse is aware that insulin secretion increases 3 to 5 minutes after a meal and then returns to baseline. If a patient ate breakfast at 7:30 AM, the nurse would expect a baseline level by:
10:30 AM
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been used to dissolve small, radiolucent gallstones. Which duration of therapy is required to dissolve the stones?
7 months
Every morning, a client with type 1 diabetes receives 15 units of Humulin 70/30. What does this type of insulin contain?
70% NPH insulin and 30% regular insulin
A client is instructed to follow a low-fat diet after an inflammatory attack of the gallbladder. Which vitamins will the nurse recommend the client supplement due to the client's dietary restrictions?
A D K Essential fatty acids
The following clients are scheduled for thyroid testing. Which client would be at greatest risk for inaccurate results?
A client who was given salicylates last month
nurse is taking health history data from a client. Use of which of the following medications would especially alert the nurse to an increased risk of hepatic dysfunction and disease in this client? Select all that apply.
Acetaminophen Ketoconazole Valproic acid
Before discharge, what should a nurse instruct a client with Addison's disease to do when exposed to periods of stress?
Administer hydrocortisone I.M.
A patient is suspected to have pancreatic carcinoma and is having diagnostic testing to determine insulin deficiency. What would the nurse determine is an indicator for insulin deficiency in this patient? (Select all that apply).
An abnormal glucose tolerance Glucosuria Hyperglycemia
What concepts does the nurse understand about gerontologic considerations related to acute pancreatitis? Select all that apply.
As the client ages, there is an increased mortality rate for acute pancreatitis. As the client ages, there is an increased risk for the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. As the client ages, the pattern of complications related to acute pancreatitis changes
A nurse is caring for a client suspected of having a pituitary tumor that is causing panhypopituitarism. During assessment of the client, which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find?
Atrophy of the gonads
A pheochromocytoma is a rare adrenal tumor that causes increased heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism because of increased levels of circulating:
Catecholamines.
Hypophysectomy is the treatment of choice for which endocrine disorder?
Cushing syndrome
A client with a traumatic brain injury is producing an abnormally large volume of dilute urine. Which alteration to a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary would the nurse expect to find?
Deficient production of vasopressin
Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess in a client with diabetes who is experiencing autonomic neuropathy?
Erectile dysfunction
nursing student is reviewing for an upcoming anatomy and physiology examination. Which of the following would the student correctly identify as a function of the liver? Select all that apply.
Glucose metabolism Ammonia conversion Protein metabolism
Antithyroid medications are not generally recommended for elderly patients because of which side effect?
Granulocytopenia
A client has been diagnosed with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI), and the physician is initiating treatment. What medication does the nurse prepare to administer for this client?
Hydrochlorothiazide
A patient has been placed on corticosteroid therapy for an Addison's disease. The nurse should be aware of which of the following side effects with this type of therapy? Select all that apply.
Hypertension Alterations in glucose metabolism Poor wound healing
The nurse is educating the patient with diabetes about the importance of increasing dietary fiber. What should the nurse explain is the rationale for the increase? Select all that apply.
May improve blood glucose levels Decrease the need for exogenous insulin Help reduce cholesterol levels
A physician orders laboratory tests to confirm hyperthyroidism in a client with classic signs and symptoms of this disorder. Which test result would confirm the diagnosis?
No increase in the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level after 30 minutes during the TSH stimulation test
Which medication is the treatment of choice for pregnant women diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?
PTU
On assessment of a patient with early-stage hypothyroidism, the nurse practitioner assesses for a vague yet significant sign which is:
Paresthesia
The nurse is administering a medication to a client with hyperthyroidism to block the production of thyroid hormone. The client is not a candidate for surgical intervention at this time. What medication should the nurse administer to the client?
Propylthiouracil
The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client with a disorder of the thyroid gland. Which diagnostic test would the nurse expect the physician to order to evaluate thyroid hormones?
Radioimmunoassay
A client with hepatitis who has not responded to medical treatment is scheduled for a liver transplant. Which of the following most likely would be ordered?
Tacrolimus
Which of the following liver function studies is used to show the size of abdominal organs and the presence of masses?
Ultrasonography
Which of the following diagnostic studies definitely confirms the presence of ascites?
Ultrasound of liver and abdomen
Which intervention should be included in the plan of care for a client who has undergone a cholecystectomy?
assessing the color of the sclera every shift
Which information should be included in the teaching plan for a client receiving glargine, which is "peakless" basal insulin?
do not mix with other insulins
The typical triad of manifestations seen in a client diagnosed with pheochromocytoma does not include which of the following?
hypotension
Although not designated as endocrine glands, several organs within the body secrete hormones as part of their normal function. Which organ secretes hormones involved in increasing blood pressure and volume and maturation of red blood cells?
kidneys
Which type of insulin acts most quickly?
lispro
A number of pharmacologic agents are used to treat hyperthyroidism. Which of the following drugs is one of the most commonly prescribed and acts by blocking synthesis of the thyroid hormones?
methimazole
The nurse is caring for a client who has an excess amount of potassium being excreted and has a serum level of 6.2 mEq/L. What group of adrenal hormones is likely to be impacting the laboratory result?
mineralcorticoids
The nurse is completing discharge teaching with a client with hyperthyroidism who has been treated with radioactive iodine at an outpatient clinic. The nurse instructs the client to
monitor for symptoms of hypothyroidism.
A client with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas is scheduled for surgery. Which of the following should the nurse administer to the client before surgery?
packed red blood cells
The nurse cares for a client with cholecystitis with severe biliary colic symptoms. Which nursing intervention best promotes adequate respirations in a client with these symptoms?
place the client in semi fowlers position
ADH is secreted by which gland?
posterior pituitary
A nurse is caring for a client in addisonian crisis. Which medication order should the nurse question?
potassium chloride
A client with type 1 diabetes has been on a regimen of multiple daily injection therapy. He's being converted to continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy. While teaching the client about continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy, the nurse should tell him that the regimen includes the use of:
rapid-acting insulin only.
The nurse should assess for an important early indicator of acute pancreatitis, which is a prolonged and elevated level of:
serum lipase
A nurse educator has been invited to a local senior center to discuss health-maintaining strategies for older adults. During a session on nutrition, the nurse discusses diabetes mellitus, its symptoms, and consequences. In the United States, diabetes mellitus is the _______ leading cause of death.
seventh
A client is admitted to the health care center with severe abdominal pain rated 10 on a 1-to-10 scale, tachycardia, hypertension, and muscle spasms. The nurse immediately administers morphine sulfate 4 mg slow intravenous pyelogram (IVP), as ordered. The nurse plans for which goal after administration of this mediation?
to increase the patient's threshold
A patient is admitted to the hospital with possible cholelithiasis. What diagnostic test of choice will the nurse prepare the patient for?
ultrasonography
Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
vasopressin
The nurse knows that the client with cholelithiasis can have a nutritional deficiency. The obstruction of bile flow due to cholelithiasis can interfere with the absorption of
vitamin A
Which condition in a client with pancreatitis makes it necessary for the nurse to check fluid intake and output, check hourly urine output, and monitor electrolyte levels
Frequent vomiting, leading to loss of fluid volume
The nurse is assessing a patient with nonproliferative (background) retinopathy. When examining the retina, what would the nurse expect to assess? Select all that apply.
Leakage of fluid or serum (exudates) Microaneurysms Focal capillary single closure
The physician has ordered an outpatient dexamethasone suppression test to diagnose the cause of Cushing syndrome in a client who works at night, from 11:00 PM to 7:00 AM, and normally sleeps from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM. The client has been given the dexamethasone. To ensure the most reliable test results, the nurse arranges for the plasma cortisol concentration to be tested at which time?
5:00 PM
Pharmacologic therapy frequently is used to dissolve small gallstones. It takes about how many months of medication with UDCA or CDCA for stones to dissolve?
6-12 months
A client is given a diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis. The client asks the nurse what findings led to this determination. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse correctly identify? Select all that apply.
Enlarged liver size Ascites Hemorrhoids
A nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with a diagnosis of nephropathy. What would the nurse expect the urinalysis report to indicate?
albumin
A female client is being successfully treated for Cushing's syndrome. The nurse should expect a decline in:
serum glucose level.
A nurse assesses a patient diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy. She observes a number of clinical signs, including asterixis and fetor hepaticus; the patient's electroencephalogram (EEG) is abnormal. The nurse documents that the patient is exhibiting signs of which stage of hepatic encephalopathy?
stage 2
A nurse is caring for a client with suspected hyperparathyroidism. Which condition may contribute to hyperparathyroidism?
Renal failure
A client with type 2 diabetes has recently been prescribed acarbose, and the nurse is explaining how to take this medication. The teaching is determined to be effective based on which statement by the client?
"I will take this medication in the morning, with my first bite of breakfast."
A group of students are reviewing information about the relationship of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. The students demonstrate the need for additional study when they state which of the following?
"The pituitary gland, as the master gland, controls the secretion of hormones by the hypothalamus."
Which symptom of thyroid disease is seen in older adults?
Atrial fibrillation
A nurse expects to note an elevated serum glucose level in a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which other laboratory finding should the nurse anticipate?
Below-normal serum potassium level
A client has been diagnosed with diabetes and discusses treatment strategies with the nurse. What consequences of untreated diabetes should the nurse include with client teaching? Select all that apply.
Blindness Limb amputation Cardiovascular disease Kidney disease
A nurse is reviewing the health care provider orders for a client admitted with acute pancreatitis. The health care provider has ordered intravenous calcium chloride infusions for the client. What does the nurse understand is the reason for this order?
Calcium binds to fatty acids when auto digestion of the pancreas occurs.
A nurse discusses risk factors of cholelithiasis with a client. Which risk factors will the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
Changes in weight Cystic fibrosis Diabetes Obesity
Which of the following insulins are used for basal dosage?
Glargine (Lantus)
A client was admitted to a critical care unit with esophageal varices and a precarious physical condition. What predisposes the client to have bleeding varices? Select all that apply.
Little protective tissue to protect fragile veins Chemical irritation Straining at stool Rough food
A client has been hospitalized with myxedema. Which of the following actions will the nurse take to care for this client? Select all that apply.
Measure the client's arterial blood gases Monitor the client's oxygen saturation levels Turn and reposition the client at regular intervals Give fluids to the client with caution
A group of students are reviewing the various types of drugs that are used to treat diabetes mellitus. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as an example of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor?
Miglitol
A hospitalized, insulin-dependent patient with diabetes has been experiencing morning hyperglycemia. The patient will be awakened once or twice during the night to test blood glucose levels. The health care provider suspects that the cause is related to the Somogyi effect. Which of the following indicators support this diagnosis? Select all that apply.
Normal bedtime blood glucose Increase in blood glucose from 3:00 AM until breakfast Decrease in blood sugar to a hypoglycemic level between 2:00 to 3:00 AM
A client is actively bleeding from esophageal varices. Which medication would the nurse most expect to be administered to this client?
Octreotide
When caring for a client with acute pancreatitis, the nurse should use which comfort measure?
Positioning the client on the side with the knees flexed
Which of the following medications is considered a glitazone?
actos
A client with hepatitis C develops liver failure and GI hemorrhage. The blood products that most likely bring about hemostasis in the client are
cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma.
client with a traumatic brain injury is producing an abnormally large volume of dilute urine. Which alteration to a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary would the nurse expect to find?
deficient production of vasopressin
Which position should be used for a client undergoing a paracentesis?
supine
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is being taught about self-injection of insulin. Which fact about site rotation should the nurse include in the teaching?
use all available injection sites in one area
Which medication is used to decrease portal pressure, halting bleeding of esophageal varices?
vasopressin
What is a major concern for the nurse when caring for a patient with chronic pancreatitis?
weight loss
A nurse is assigning beds to four new clients being admitted to the cardiac telemetry floor. Which client should she assign to the bed at the end of the hall, away from the nurses' station?
A 24-year-old client with unstable hyperthyroidism with sinus tachycardia
A client with a history of alcohol abuse comes to the emergency department and complains of abdominal pain. Laboratory studies help confirm a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The client's vital signs are stable, but the client's pain is worsening and radiating to his back. Which intervention takes priority for this client?
Administering morphine I.V. as ordered
The nurse is caring for a client with suspected chronic pancreatitis. Which diagnostic test or imaging does the nurse recognize as the most useful in diagnosing this condition?
ERCP
A nursing student has learned about many collaborative interventions to achieve pain relief for clients with acute pancreatitis. Which of the following are appropriate? Choose all that apply.
Encourage bed rest to decrease the client's metabolic rate. Teach the client about the correlation between alcohol intake and pain. Withhold oral feedings to limit the release of secretin.
Antithyroid medications are contraindicated in late pregnancy due to the fact that which of the following may occur? Select all that apply.
Fetal hypothyroidism Fetal bradycardia Goiter Cretinism
A nurse is caring for a client with mild acute pancreatitis. Which health care provider prescriptions will the nurse question as it relates to evidence based practices in the treatment of acute pancreatitis? Select all that apply.
Full liquid diet as tolerated. Nasogastric tube to intermittent wall suction for removal of gastric secretions. Initiate parenteral feedings first and advance to enteral feedings as tolerated.
The patient admitted with acute pancreatitis has passed the acute stage and is now able to tolerate solid foods. What type of diet will increase caloric intake without stimulating pancreatic enzymes beyond the ability of the pancreas to respond?
High-carbohydrate, low-protein, low-fat diet
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has had a large volume of fluid infused for rehydration. What potential complication from rehydration should the nurse monitor for
Hypokalemia
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has had a large volume of fluid infused for rehydration. What potential complication from rehydration should the nurse monitor for?
Hypokalemia
Which factor presents the most likely cause for weight gain in a diabetic client who is controlled with insulin?
Insulin is an anabolic hormone
A client with diabetes mellitus is prescribed to switch from animal to synthesized human insulin. Which factor should the nurse monitor when caring for the client?
Low blood glucose concentration
A patient experiences a life-threatening hypercalcemic crisis. The provider orders a cytotoxic agent. Which of the following is most likely the drug that is prescribed?
Mithramycin
A client with pheochromocytoma is scheduled for an adrenalectomy. Which of the following would the nurse perform preoperatively?
Monitor blood pressure (BP) frequently.
The nurse is teaching a client who was admitted to the hospital with acute hepatic encephalopathy and ascites about an appropriate diet. The nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the client chooses which food choice from the menu?
Pancakes with butter and honey, and orange juice
Which liver function study is used to show the size of the liver and hepatic blood flow and obstruction?
Radioisotope liver scan
A client with symptoms of Cushing syndrome is admitted to the hospital for evaluation and treatment. The nurse is creating a plan of care for the client. Which is an appropriate nursing diagnosis?
Self-care deficit related to weakness, fatigue, muscle wasting, and altered sleep patterns
Gynecomastia is a common side effect of which of the following diuretics?
Spironolactone
A patient has been taking tricyclic antidepressants for many years for the treatment of depression. The patient has developed SIADH and has been admitted to the acute care facility. What should the nurse carefully monitor when caring for this patient? Select all that apply.
Strict intake and output Neurologic function Urine and blood chemistry
Which of the following endocrine disorder causes the patient to have dilutional hyponatremia?
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Which of the following medications is considered a glitazone?
actose
A nursing student has been assigned to care for a client with pancreatic cancer. The student is aware that the risk for pancreatic cancer is most directly proportional to
age
A client with long-standing type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with unstable angina pectoris. After the client's condition stabilizes, the nurse evaluates the diabetes management regimen. The nurse learns that the client sees the physician every 4 weeks, injects insulin after breakfast and dinner, and measures blood glucose before breakfast and at bedtime. Consequently, the nurse should formulate a nursing diagnosis of:
deficient knowledge
A client reports extremely frequent urination, sometimes urinating 10 to 12 times each day. What fluid balance disorder would be expected with these symptoms?
dehydration
A client is admitted to the health care center with hyperglycemia, a 15-pound weight loss, and reports of vague upper and midabdominal pain that increases in intensity at night. The client' health history indicates alcoholism, smoking of a pack of cigarettes daily, and diabetes for the past 20 years. Upon examination the nurse finds swelling in the feet and abdominal ascites. Based on the clinical manifestations, which condition is the most likely diagnosis?
pancreatic carcinoma
Which condition is most likely to have a nursing diagnosis of fluid volume deficit?
pancreatitis
Most of the liver's metabolic functions are performed by:
parenchymal cells.
Vision and visual fields are altered in disorders of which of the following endocrine glands?
pituitary
A nurse is preparing a client for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The client asks what this test is used for. Which statements by the nurse explains how ERCP can determine the difference between pancreatitis and other biliary disorders? Select all that apply.
"It can evaluate the presence and location of ductal stones and aid in stone removal." "It can assess the anatomy of the pancreas and the pancreatic and biliary ducts." "It can detect unhealthy tissues in the pancreas and assess for abscesses and pseudocysts."
The nurse knows that the serum amylase concentration returns to normal within which time frame?
48 hours
This example of cholesterol gallstones (left side of picture) is the result of decreased bile acid synthesis and increased cholesterol synthesis in the liver, which in turn, form stones. Cholesterol stones account for what percentage of cases of gallbladder disease in the United States?
75 %
A client is receiving insulin lispro at 7:30 AM. The nurse ensures that the client has breakfast by which time?
7:45 AM
A client with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism. This diagnosis indicates that the client's hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from which gland?
Adrenal cortex
What intervention does the nurse anticipate providing for the patient with ascites that will help correct the decrease in effective arterial blood volume that leads to sodium retention?
Albumin infusion
Which term most precisely refers to the incision of the common bile duct for removal of stones?
Choledocholithotomy
A very ill client with acute cholecystitis is scheduled for surgery. The surgeon plans to create an incision in the common bile duct to remove stones. The nurse correctly documents this surgery in the electronic medical record using which term?
Choledochostomy
A client with a serum glucose level of 618 mg/dl is admitted to the facility. He's awake and oriented, has hot dry skin, and has the following vital signs: temperature of 100.6° F (38.1° C), heart rate of 116 beats/minute, and blood pressure of 108/70 mm Hg. Based on these assessment findings, which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?
Deficient fluid volume related to osmotic diuresis
A client has developed drug-induced hepatitis from a drug reaction to antidepressants. What treatment does the nurse anticipate the client will receive to treat the reaction?
High-dose corticosteroids
Exercise lowers blood glucose levels. Which of the following are the physiologic reasons that explain this statement. Select all that apply.
Increases lean muscle mass Increases resting metabolic rate as muscle size increases Decreases total cholesterol Increases glucose uptake by body muscles
A nurse is providing care to a client with primary hyperparathyroidism. Which interventions would be included in the client's care plan? Select all that apply.
Monitor gait, balance, and fatigue level with ambulation. Monitor for fluid overload.
Which of the following factors should the nurse take into consideration when planning meals and selecting the type and dosage of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent for an elderly patient with diabetes mellitus?
Patient's eating and sleeping habits
A client with pancreatitis is admitted to the medical intensive care unit. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
Reserving an antecubital site for a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
A nurse is preparing to administer two types of insulin to a client with diabetes mellitus. What is the correct procedure for preparing this medication?
The short-acting insulin is withdrawn before the intermediate-acting insulin.
A client receives a daily injection of glargine insulin at 7:00 a.m. When should the nurse monitor this client for a hypoglycemic reaction?
This insulin has no peak action and does not cause a hypoglycemic reaction.
A 35-year-old female client who complains of weight gain, facial hair, absent menstruation, frequent bruising, and acne is diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome. Cushing's syndrome is most likely caused by:
a corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department who is reporting severe abdominal pain. The client is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which laboratory value indicates further investigation?
elevated troponin
A client with type 1 diabetes is experiencing polyphagia. The nurse knows to assess for which additional clinical manifestation(s) associated with this classic symptom?
muscle wasting and tissue loss
A client with a history of pheochromocytoma is admitted to the hospital in an acute hypertensive crisis. To reverse hypertensive crisis caused by pheochromocytoma, the nurse expects to administer:
phentolamine (Regitine).
A client with advanced cirrhosis has a prothrombin time (PT) of 15 seconds, compared with a control time of 11 seconds. The nurse expects to administer:
phytonadione (Mephyton).
A nurse is preparing the daily care plan for a client with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. The priority nursing concern for this client should be:
providing client education at every opportunity
A client is admitted to the health care facility with abdominal pain, a low-grade fever, abdominal distention, and weight loss. The physician diagnoses acute pancreatitis. What is the primary goal of nursing care for this client?
relieving abdominal pain
A client is instructed to follow a low-fat diet after an inflammatory attack of the gallbladder. Which vitamins will the nurse recommend the client supplement due to the client's dietary restrictions? Select all that apply.
A D K Essential fatty acids
A client with diabetes mellitus is prescribed to switch from animal to synthesized human insulin. Which factor should the nurse monitor when caring for the client?
low blood glucose concentration
A physician has ordered a liver biopsy for a client with cirrhosis whose condition has recently deteriorated. The nurse reviews the client's recent laboratory findings and recognizes that the client is at risk for complications due to:
low platelet count
The nurse is caring for a client with hepatitis. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is in the prodromal phase?
rash
A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about management of "sick days." The client asks the nurse why it is important to monitor the urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurse's best response?
"Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy."
A nurse cares for an older adult client and teaches the client about age-related changes of the biliary tract. What statements will the nurse include when discussing age-related changes that occur in the pancreas of the older adult? Select all that apply.
"The pancreas develops fibrous material with age." "The pancreas develops fatty deposits with age." "The pancreas decreases secretion of enzymes with age." "The pancreas decreases bicarbonate secretion with age."
A nurse cares for a client who is post op cholecystectomy due to the development of cholesterol stones. The client asks the nurse, "Why did I develop these stones?" What is the nurse's best response?
"The stones formed from a component in the bile and are caused by bile acid and fat abnormalities in the bloodstream."
Management of a patient with ascites includes nutritional modifications and diuretic therapy. Which of the following interventions would a nurse expect to be part of patient care? Select all that apply.
Aldactone, an aldosterone-blocking agent would be used. Daily salt intake would be restricted to 2 grams or less. The diuretic will be held if the serum sodium level decreases to <134 m Eq/L.
A health care provider prescribes short-acting insulin for a patient, instructing the patient to take the insulin 20 to 30 minutes before a meal. The nurse explains to the patient that Humulin-R taken at 6:30 AM will reach peak effectiveness by:
8:30 am
Which of the following is a characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? Select all that apply.
Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine Rapid onset More common in type 1 diabetes
Which factor presents the most likely cause for weight gain in a diabetic client who is controlled with insulin?
insulin is an anabolic hormone
Which term refers to the progressive increase in blood glucose from bedtime to morning?
Insulin waning
A client with hyperthyroidism is concerned about changes in appearance. How can the nurse convey an understanding of the client's concern and promote effective coping strategies?
Reassure the client that their emotional reactions are a result of the disorder and symptoms can be controlled with effective treatment.