Nutr 101-Chapter 11

After 35 to 45 years of age: A. bone formation exceeds bone breakdown. B. bone formation is equal to bone breakdown. C. bone breakdown exceeds bone formation. D. the skeleton is typically weak and fractures easily.

C. bone breakdown exceeds bone formation.

Most of the magnesium in the body is in: A. intracellular fluid. B. the blood. C. bones. D. extracellular fluid.

C. bones.

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption? A. Ascorbic acid B. Tannins C. Oxalates D. Phytates

A. Ascorbic acid

Which statement concerning magnesium deficiency is FALSE? A. Deficiency is common in the general population. B. Symptoms include changes in heartbeat and blood pressure. C. It can be caused by diuretics. D. All of these statements are false.

A. Deficiency is common in the general population.

Which of the following is NOT likely to result from prolonged low calcium intake? A. Problems with cell signaling and regulation B. Fractures in the elderly C. A lower peak bone mass in young adult females D. Development of osteomalacia

A. Problems with cell signaling and regulation

Phosphorus is essential for energy production since it is part of: A. NADH. B. ATP. C. FADH2. D. DNA.

B. ATP.

The most abundant mineral in the body is: A. magnesium. B. calcium. C. sodium. D. potassium.

B. calcium.

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in: A. infancy. B. early adulthood. C. the menopausal period. D. early childhood.

B. early adulthood.

Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed: A. osteomalacia. B. osteoporosis. C. osteopropensia. D. osteopenia.

B. osteoporosis.

Good sources of magnesium include all of the following EXCEPT: A. nuts. B. processed foods. C. leafy green vegetables. D. whole grains.

B. processed foods

The recommended intake of calcium for adults is __________ mgs/day. A. 1300-1500 B. 800-1000 C. 1000-1200 D. 500-700

C. 1000-1200

Which of the following is NOT a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis? A. Calcium absorption declines for a few years post-menopause. B. Bone breakdown accelerates after menopause. C. The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods. D. Women achieve a lower peak bone mass than men.

C. The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods.

The matrix of bones is: A. a protein framework. B. made up primarily of collagen. C. imbedded with hydroxyapatite. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Which is the FALSE statement about absorption of calcium? A. Calcium supplements may interfere with absorption of copper and iron. B. Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption. C. Lactose enhances the rate of calcium absorption. D. Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy.

D. Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy.

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium? A. If dietary calcium is low, both blood and bone levels will decline. B. If dietary calcium is low, blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium. C. Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone. D. If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium.

D. If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium.

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk? A. Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it. B. Smoking and drinking both decrease risk. C. Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it. D. Smoking and drinking both increase risk.

D. Smoking and drinking both increase risk.

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone: A. secretin. B. progesterone. C. aldosterone. D. estrogen.

D. estrogen.

All of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis A. increased muscle mass. B. weight bearing exercise. C. high body weight and fat. D. low body weight.

D. low body weight.

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption EXCEPT: A. copper. B. calcium. C. zinc. D. sodium.

D. sodium.