Nutrient chapter 9

The group of elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil, and water is called

Minerals

Which of the following is the best food source of magnesium?

Plant foods: Spinach Green leafy vegetables Whole grains Beans Nuts Seeds Chocolate

Where does water move if a cell has fewer sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell?

The water moves into surrounding solution

Iron, zinc, chromium, and copper are all _____ minerals.

Trace Minerals

If a person is severely dehydrated, a coma may result.

True

True or false: Trace minerals that have yet to have a clearly identified function in humans include boron, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, and silicon.

True

Which of the following are good plant sources of iron?

bakes beans Whole-grain total cereal pumpkin seeds

The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the body is called its______.

bioavailability

A danger of taking potassium supplements is that if the mineral accumulates in the blood, it can

cause the heart to stop beating

The production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach requires the mineral

chloride

Because molybdenum is needed for the function of several enzymes, molybdenum is considered to be a ________.

cofactor

Manganese is a component and activator of many ______.

enzymes

True or false: Chromium is a trace mineral because it is needed in large amounts.

false

Where does water move, if a cell has more sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell?

into the cell

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

iodine

Myoglobin is the ____ protein that binds oxygen in muscle tissue.

iron-containing

Zinc _____ widespread in the food chain.

is

Fluoride _____ an essential nutrient

is not

Which of the following is a poor source of iron?

milk

Select the food source that has the least amount of selenium per serving.

mushrooms, 1/2 cup

The roles for fluoride in the body involve the______.

strengthening of teeth & bones

What gland uses iodine?

thyroid gland

Sodium ions are necessary for maintaining fluid balance in the body.

true

There is no Upper Level for potassium.

true

Caffeine is a diuretic, a substance that increases _________ production.

urine

Which of the following is a role of sodium in the human body?

Fluid balance

The Adequate Intake for total water is approximately ______ cups per day for young women. (Note that this question is asking for total water intake which includes fluid intake as well as water from food sources.)

11 cups (2.7 L)

The Adequate Intake for total water intake is ______ cups per day for young adult men and ______ cups per day for young adult women.

15.5 - 11

Molybdenum is required for the normal function of which enzymes?

Aldehyde oxidase Mitochondrial amidoxime Sulfite oxidase Xanthine oxidase

Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body, but since their roles are not clear they have not been classified as essential nutrients?

Arsenic Nickel Silicon

Which of the following are good sources of iron?

Beef liver pumpkin seeds

The body's ability to absorb and use minerals is called

Bioavailability

Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.

Brazil nut Tuna, yellowfin, cooked Fish, orange roughly, cooked

Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?

Cheese Bok choy Sardines canned in oil with bones

Most of the calcium in American diets come from _____.

Cheese Fluid milk Yogurt

Examples of diuretics include______.

Coffee Tea Caffeine

In the body, copper is involved in______. Multiple select question. acid-base balance

Collagen production Iron metabolism Immune function

One role of which mineral is to associate with several enzymes that act as antioxidants?

Copper

Foods that contain milk but are not good sources of calcium include

Cottage cheese Sour cream and cream cheese Butter

A substance that increases urine output is called a

Diuretic

People with osteoporosis______.

Have weak bones Suffer more fractures

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and some carbon dioxide away from tissues is called _____.

Hemoglobin

Choose the functions of iron.

Important in brain development Needed for immune system function Necessary for oxygen transport

When the density and quality of bone is reduced and a person has porous bone, the individual is diagnosed as having

Osteoporosis

A male has more muscle tissue than a female, therefore he will have _____ fluid in his body.

More

Roles for chloride in the body include _____.

Nerve transmission Maintaining fluid balance maintaining acid base balance

Which of the following are possible outcomes associated with dehydration?

Rapid weight loss Increased thirst Increased fatigue

Iron is an important component of______.

Red blood cells Bone health Cellular metabolism

Much of the zinc in our diet is supplied by the consumption of______.

Red meat Poultry

Roles for sulfur in the body include being______.

Requires for enzyme activity Incorporated into antioxidant molecules

What is the term used to describe the movement of substances from where they are highly concentrated to where they are less concentrated?

Simple diffusion

Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?

Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium

Plants obtain the minerals they need from______.

Soil Fertilizers

Choose the good food sources of magnesium.

Spinach and green leafy vegetables Beans, nuts, and seeds Chocolate Whole grains

The mineral that is a component of the amino acids, cysteine and methionine is

Sulfur

Which of the following are vegetarian sources of iron?

Whole grain total cereal Kidney beans Mushroom

Select the food that supplies the highest source of iron.

Whole grain total, cereal, 3/4 cup

Enzymes that require manganese function in which of the following processes?

Wound healing Bone formation Antioxidant activities