Nutrient chapter 9
The group of elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil, and water is called
Minerals
Which of the following is the best food source of magnesium?
Plant foods: Spinach Green leafy vegetables Whole grains Beans Nuts Seeds Chocolate
Where does water move if a cell has fewer sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell?
The water moves into surrounding solution
Iron, zinc, chromium, and copper are all _____ minerals.
Trace Minerals
If a person is severely dehydrated, a coma may result.
True
True or false: Trace minerals that have yet to have a clearly identified function in humans include boron, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, and silicon.
True
Which of the following are good plant sources of iron?
bakes beans Whole-grain total cereal pumpkin seeds
The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the body is called its______.
bioavailability
A danger of taking potassium supplements is that if the mineral accumulates in the blood, it can
cause the heart to stop beating
The production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach requires the mineral
chloride
Because molybdenum is needed for the function of several enzymes, molybdenum is considered to be a ________.
cofactor
Manganese is a component and activator of many ______.
enzymes
True or false: Chromium is a trace mineral because it is needed in large amounts.
false
Where does water move, if a cell has more sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell?
into the cell
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
iodine
Myoglobin is the ____ protein that binds oxygen in muscle tissue.
iron-containing
Zinc _____ widespread in the food chain.
is
Fluoride _____ an essential nutrient
is not
Which of the following is a poor source of iron?
milk
Select the food source that has the least amount of selenium per serving.
mushrooms, 1/2 cup
The roles for fluoride in the body involve the______.
strengthening of teeth & bones
What gland uses iodine?
thyroid gland
Sodium ions are necessary for maintaining fluid balance in the body.
true
There is no Upper Level for potassium.
true
Caffeine is a diuretic, a substance that increases _________ production.
urine
Which of the following is a role of sodium in the human body?
Fluid balance
The Adequate Intake for total water is approximately ______ cups per day for young women. (Note that this question is asking for total water intake which includes fluid intake as well as water from food sources.)
11 cups (2.7 L)
The Adequate Intake for total water intake is ______ cups per day for young adult men and ______ cups per day for young adult women.
15.5 - 11
Molybdenum is required for the normal function of which enzymes?
Aldehyde oxidase Mitochondrial amidoxime Sulfite oxidase Xanthine oxidase
Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body, but since their roles are not clear they have not been classified as essential nutrients?
Arsenic Nickel Silicon
Which of the following are good sources of iron?
Beef liver pumpkin seeds
The body's ability to absorb and use minerals is called
Bioavailability
Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.
Brazil nut Tuna, yellowfin, cooked Fish, orange roughly, cooked
Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?
Cheese Bok choy Sardines canned in oil with bones
Most of the calcium in American diets come from _____.
Cheese Fluid milk Yogurt
Examples of diuretics include______.
Coffee Tea Caffeine
In the body, copper is involved in______. Multiple select question. acid-base balance
Collagen production Iron metabolism Immune function
One role of which mineral is to associate with several enzymes that act as antioxidants?
Copper
Foods that contain milk but are not good sources of calcium include
Cottage cheese Sour cream and cream cheese Butter
A substance that increases urine output is called a
Diuretic
People with osteoporosis______.
Have weak bones Suffer more fractures
The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and some carbon dioxide away from tissues is called _____.
Hemoglobin
Choose the functions of iron.
Important in brain development Needed for immune system function Necessary for oxygen transport
When the density and quality of bone is reduced and a person has porous bone, the individual is diagnosed as having
Osteoporosis
A male has more muscle tissue than a female, therefore he will have _____ fluid in his body.
More
Roles for chloride in the body include _____.
Nerve transmission Maintaining fluid balance maintaining acid base balance
Which of the following are possible outcomes associated with dehydration?
Rapid weight loss Increased thirst Increased fatigue
Iron is an important component of______.
Red blood cells Bone health Cellular metabolism
Much of the zinc in our diet is supplied by the consumption of______.
Red meat Poultry
Roles for sulfur in the body include being______.
Requires for enzyme activity Incorporated into antioxidant molecules
What is the term used to describe the movement of substances from where they are highly concentrated to where they are less concentrated?
Simple diffusion
Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?
Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium
Plants obtain the minerals they need from______.
Soil Fertilizers
Choose the good food sources of magnesium.
Spinach and green leafy vegetables Beans, nuts, and seeds Chocolate Whole grains
The mineral that is a component of the amino acids, cysteine and methionine is
Sulfur
Which of the following are vegetarian sources of iron?
Whole grain total cereal Kidney beans Mushroom
Select the food that supplies the highest source of iron.
Whole grain total, cereal, 3/4 cup
Enzymes that require manganese function in which of the following processes?
Wound healing Bone formation Antioxidant activities