Nutrition 1,3,4

Limit added sugars to less than _____ of daily calories.

10%

A health claim could be included on a food label with

19% of DV for Vitamin A.

If you consume 2000 kcal per day, you should limit your added sugars to less than

200 kcal.

In what year was the USDA food guide pyramid replaced with MyPlate?

2011

What is the newest DRI category?

Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake (CDRR)

"Adults should limit their sodium intake to less than 2300 mg/day to reduce the risk of chronic disease" is an example of the______.

Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes

The ______ inspired the development of other food pyramids for people who don't follow the Western diet.

Food Guide Pyramid

Which of the following is NOT required on the Supplement Facts label?

Structure-function claim

Cells in the body______.

are specialized to perform specific functions

Choose the five major food groups.

fruits dairy products protein vegetables grains

If a person consumes more calories than he/she expends they will _____ weight.

gain

The role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to:

make some vitamins. metabolize undigested food.

Traditional ethnic diets are often based on

small amounts of animal foods. unrefined grains. large amounts of locally grown fruits and vegetables.

What have African-Americans traditionally added to their greens to add flavor?

smoked pork

Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include______.

smoking heavy alcohol consumption regular use of NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory drugs).

Chyme is formed in the

stomach

If your diet meets the RDA or AI values, your food intake is unlikely to be nutritionally sound.

False

Which of the following contribute to heartburn?

having excess body fat smoking cigarettes drinking alcohol

The cardiovascular system is made up of which of the following components?

heart blood blood vessels

What are some common causes of vomiting?

hormonal changes in pregnancy rotating movements of the head migraine headaches intense pain

Analysis of government food consumption data reveals that the overall quality of the American diet is _____.

improving

After an immigrant population has assimilated fully, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure

increases.

The Nutrition Facts panel

indicates the % Daily Value of some food constituents. indicates serving amounts. lists certain food constituents.

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called______.

peristalsis

Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called

peristalsis

The scientific study of how cells and body structures function is called _____.

physiology

The USDA food guide created in the late 1980s was illustrated using a(n)

pyramid

Many times, an individual's primary food selection and cooking habits _____ the individual's own cultural/ethnic heritage.

reflect

Example of African-American foods include _____.

sweet potato pie black-eyed peas

Dairy- protien rich- grains- vegetables-

yogurt legumes rice pilaf v8 juice

anatomy anatomy

the scientific study of cells and other body structures the study of how cells and other body structures function

Self-contained, living structures that have similar characteristics and functions join together to form

tissue

Diarrhea is most often caused by _____.

bacterial infections viral infections

calorie foods are ones that are high in solid fats and/or added sugar. They provide calories, but few to no nutrients. Some examples are cookies, cakes, sodas, pizza, and candy.

empty

List the organs in the order they occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum

The Exchange System (now referred to as Choose Your Foods) was originally developed to assist people with

diabetes.

A collection of cells with similar characteristics and functions join together into larger masses called ______.

tissues

Choose the statements that are true about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two most common forms. It is a general name for a group of diseases that cause inflammation and swelling of the intestines. The cause is unknown.

The label on a jar of baby food lists the following ingredients, in this order: water, carrots, ground turkey, rice flour, wheat flour, peas, potato flour, onion powder." Which ingredient is most abundant, by weight, in the product?

Water

What is the general name for a group of diseases that cause inflammation and swelling of the intestines?

What is the general name for a group of diseases that cause inflammation and swelling of the intestines?

The mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food formed in the stomach is called

chyme

Which system of the body is responsible for putting oxygen in the blood and removing carbon dioxide?

respiratory system

A product of the liver, the main function of is to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion.

bile

The traditional Asian dietary pattern is lacking in _____.

calcium-rich foods

Which of the following dietary guides were inspired by the Food Guide Pyramid?

Asian Diet Pyramid Mediterranean Diet Pyramids

Increasing the variety of protein foods in the diet would involve including which plant protein sources?

Beans, peas, lentils

The purpose and framework of the Exchange System includes which of the following?

The tool provides a manageable framework for designing diets. This tool categorizes foods into carbohydrates, protein, and fats. The tool provides a manageable framework, especially for treatment of diabetics.

One substance responsible for the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is______.

bile

What is the second leading cause of death to Americans?

cancer

The exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the______.

capillaries

The three broad groups of food that comprise the exchange system are _____.

carbohydrates proteins fats

The ______ system is an example of an organ system.

cardiovascular

The heart, blood vessels, and blood make up the

cardiovascular

Humans are a mixture of chemicals which are organized into _____.

cells

Homeostasis can be disrupted by ______.

changes in the cell's external environment lengthy periods of sickness changes in the cell's internal environment

Judy wants to find out the amount of a specific nutrient needed to sustain good health. She initially checks the RDA requirements and cannot locate that nutrient. Her next step is to______.

check AI standards

Choose the foods that would not be considered kosher.

cheeseburger hamburger casserole with cheese topping

The effects of malnutrition can be devastating on the following stages of rapid growth.

childhood pregnancy infancy

If a health claim appears on the label of a nutrient supplement, it must also include a

disclaimer from the FDA.

Generally speaking, the typical American diet ____ comply with the USDA's dietary guidance.

does not

Lingual lipase and salivary amylase are two components of the liquid called , which is produced by glands in the mouth.

saliva

Choose the true statements about colorectal cancer.

second-leading cause of cancer deaths among adults signs include diarrhea, constipation, or pencil-thin stools a cancer that develops in either the colon or the rectum

The "meat-and-potatoes" diet is common in

the United Kingdom. Scandinavia. Germany.

The general requirements that must be met before a health claim can be made for a food product include:

the claim may describe the relationship between the product and disease. the food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin D, calcium, or iron.

Which is true about the role of diet in health?

Diet is only one aspect of lifestyle that affects health.

Which of the following are appropriate food intake recommendations for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding?

Do not eat tilefish, shark, swordfish, and king mackerel because they may contain high amounts of methylmercury. Consume 8 to 12 ounces of seafood per week from a variety of seafood types. Consume foods rich in iron or take an iron supplement.

If you frequently eat less than the _____ for a nutrient, you may be at risk for developing the nutrient's deficiency disorder.

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Identify the basic goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount of food. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake.

Which of the following meals exemplifies the recommendations of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid?

Fruits, vegetables, beans, olive oil, and wine in moderation

Identify the foods that are recommended in abundance by the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.

Grains Vegetables Fruits

What is responsible for the development of most stomach ulcers?

H. pylori

Characterize the "Western" diet.

Lacks fruits and vegetables Contains large amounts of animal protein and fat Lacks whole grains

What are causes of diarrhea?

More water than normal is secreted into the GI tract. The GI tract absorbs less water than normal.

The main goal of ______ is to remind consumers to think about building a healthy plate at meal times and to learn more about healthy eating

MyPlate

In addition to the product name, name and address of the manufacturer, amount of product in the package, and the ingredients panel, the ______ must list certain nutrients.

Nutrition Facts panel

Your diet is likely to be nutritionally adequate if your average daily intake for each nutrient meets the nutrient's _____ or AI value.

RDA

Which of the following is a true statement about the digestive system?

The human digestive system can digest and absorb foods from plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.

Dietary moderation can be achieved by______.

consuming food in reasonable amounts obtaining nutrients from the food one eats

Which of the following are examples of organ systems?

digestive system endocrine system

Seasonings and sauces added to Asian foods are made from______.

garlic, scallions, and peppers gingerroot sesame seeds

Components of saliva include______.

lingual lipase salivary amylase

Constipation can be caused by a diet that is in fiber and water.

low

The primary structures of the respiratory system are the

lungs

According to Jewish dietary laws, meat and poultry products must be kept separate from______

milk products

Since the Pima Indians have adopted a more "Western" diet, obesity and type 2 diabetes is______.

more common

List the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Are the chemicals in our food necessarily harmful?

no

There are _______ foods that will cure cancer.

no

______ is the scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them.

nutrition

Native Americans have abandoned the traditional diets and adopted typical Western diets resulting in

obesity. type 2 diabetes.

Choose the foods and beverages that are considered "empty calories".

regular soft drinks cakes and cookies alcohol

The smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health is called a _____.

requirement

is the relatively constant internal environment in the body that is critical for good health and survival.

Homeostasis

depicts the key elements of a healthy diet. It emphasizes the fruit, vegetable, grain, protein, and dairy food groups. The goal is to remind consumers to think about building a health plate at meal times and to learn more about healthy eating.

MyPlate

Which two government agencies collaborate every five years to publish the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) USDA

The information we know about the relationship between diet and health is _____.

constantly evolving

Irritable bowel syndrome can be characterized by______.

constipation loose stools sensation of incomplete elimination

The recommendation for dairy is to

consume fat-free or low-fat dairy foods including yogurt, cheese, and/or fortified soy products.

A disease that produces thick mucus that block passageways, particularly in the respiratory and digestive systems is called______.

cystic fibrosis

The typical American diet of those 2 years and older does not provide enough

fat-free and low-fat milk. fruits and vegetables.

GERD can be worsened by _____.

smoking cigarettes drinking alcohol excess body fat

Mexican restaurants have added _____ to their menu to make their foods more appealing to Americans.

sour cream American cheese high-fat beef

After blood flows through the body, it returns to the heart through the______.

veins

Choose the six classes of nutrients.

vitamins minerals water carbohydrates proteins fats

An unpleasant experience but helpful because it prevents toxic substances from entering the small intestine is referred to as _____.

vomiting

What are some examples of empty calorie foods?

Alcohol Cookies Ice cream

Which of the following is an example of an acceptable health claim?

Calcium may reduce the risk for osteoporosis.

A cancer that develops in the colon or the rectum and is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths is called cancer.

colorectal

A poor diet and physical inactivity will increase your risk of______.

dying prematurely

A cell______.

is the smallest functional unit of an organism is specialized to perform a particular function

Which of the following can contribute to constipation?

low water intake changes in routine such as travel or surgery lack of dietary fiber

The traditional Native American diet was ____ in sodium and fat and ____ in fiber.

low, high

An organism that can digest and absorb nutrients from plants, animals, fungi, and even bacteria is called a(n)

omnivore

A group of organs that work together for a similar purpose form a(n) _____ system.

organ

What is produced when a wheat kernel is stripped of its nutrient-rich germ and bran?

white flour

Which of the following are true facts about the percentages of Daily Values when applied to the Nutrition Facts food label?

The 2000-kcalorie diet allows easy comparison among similar foods. People requiring more or less than 2000-kcalories must make the necessary adjustment. They are based on a 2000-kcalorie diet.

The basic premise of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans includes which of the following statements?

The Dietary Guidelines are designed to promote good health and reduce the risk of major nutrition-related chronic health conditions.

To achieve nutritional adequacy and ensure good health, one should consume a variety of foods from the following food groups.

whole grains fruits and vegetables

An organism that has a digestive system that can adjust to alterations in nutritional composition or amounts of food consumed by increasing the production of digestive enzymes is called a(n)______.

omnivore

Which of the following is an appropriate food intake recommendation for women who are capable of becoming pregnant?

Consume 400 mcg of folic acid/day Consume iron rich food or take an iron supplement if recommended by a health care provider.

A condition characterized by frequent bowel movements with loose stools is called

diarrhea

Which of the following pieces of information is required on most foods sold in stores?

Ingredients listed in descending order by weight Amount of product in the package Name and address of manufacturer Product name

Intestinal cramps, abnormal bowel function, and feeling as though elimination of stools was incomplete are characteristics of______.

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.

requirement

What can metabolize undigested food, make vitamin K, thiamin, and biotin, and produce substances that the colon can use for energy?

Intestinal bacteria

Authentic Mexican meals are based primarily on

beans. rice. tortillas.

People with produce thick mucus that block passageways, particularly in the respiratory and digestive systems. They often suffer serious breathing problems and respiratory infections.

cystic fibrosis

Which vitamins can be produced by bacteria in the intestine?

Vitamin K Thiamin Biotin