Nutrition 191 Chapter 9-14 Review

the minimum moderate-intensity activity per day can add years to an individual life is how much?

15 minutes

For maximum benefits, cardiorespiratory endurance episodes should be sustained for at least how long?

20 minutes

what is the D.A.S.H diet and do they work?

dietary approaches to stop hypertension and it does work

how does smoking effect weight?

people who smoke typically weigh less; nicotine curves appetite

when a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in great quantity?

sodium and chloride

what is spot reducing and does it work?

targeting specific areas of the body to lose fat; no it does not work

why do fad diets often produce weight loss?

they are designed to limit energy intake

why are high potassium levels very deadly?

they cause heart arrhythmias

what happens during hitting the wall?

when glucose depletion and the body has nothing to run on

in a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time frame for losing 5-10% of initial body weight is how long?

6 months

what condition is known to lead to copper deficiency?

excess zinc

what compound provides a major storage reservoir for iron?

ferritin

taking supplements of what has shown to lower the risk for neural tube defects?

folate

what are the best strategies for underweight people to gain weight

follow a healthy high calorie diet

what works for weight loss programs?

believing that the weight can be lost

which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamins A in the body?

beta-carotene

a measure of the rate of which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body is termed?

bioavailability

kirmina is a Native eskimo who lives in one of the coldest regions in the world. what type of adipose tissue is most effective at helping her to maintain warm body temperatures during the coldest parts of the year?

brown adipose tissue

what is a feature of vitamins?

The quantities present in foods are measured in micrograms or milligrams

athletes should do what after strenuous activity?

hydrate

abnormally low blood sodium concentrations is known specifically as?

hyponatremia

what nutrients enhance iron absorption from the intestinal tract?

Vitamin C

what is prothrombin?

a protein needed for blood clot formation

the main function of vitamin D is to promote what?

calcium and phosphorous absorption, and calcium mobilization from bone

what is the major carrier of fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cells to the circulation?

chylomicrons

what is the chief reason that health-care professionals advise people to engage only in low-to-moderate intensity activities for prolonged duration rather than more intense, shorter routines?

compliance is better while injury risk is minimized

goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of?

iodine

which of the following is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity?

it diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress

what is the primary excretory route for the water soluble vitamins?

kidney (urine)d

what organs provide the major control for homeostasis of body fluids?

kidneys

what is the example of a resistance training activity?

lifting free weights

why are milk cartons opaque?

light damages the riboflavin

what is muscle atrophy?

loss of muscle size and strength

what is the greatest source of salt in our diet?

processed foods

milk and milk products provide much of what in people's diets?

riboflavin

what is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?

the amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body

what is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine?

the products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures

iodine deficiency causes enlargement of what gland?

thyroid gland

what is the DEXA Scan used for?

to measure bone density

what is the usual fate of muscle glycogen during exercise?

utilized as a fuel within the muscle cells only

what is the body's most indispensable nutrient?

water

which contributes most to the weight of the human body?

water

approximately what percentage of the body's vitamin A stores are found in the liver?

90%