Nutrition 225 Final Exam Study Guide

Why do we need carbohydrate

-brain cells and red blood cells rely on glucose -carbohydrates fuel exercise - carbohydrates spare protein

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), up to what percentage of your daily Calories should be provided by protein?

35%

Jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. How many kilocalories did Jane eat at breakfast?

582

Wylee eats his breakfast and his GI tract will now begin the process of digesting and absorbing the nutrients from this meal. What is the order in which each of the organs of the GI tract will work to achieve this process?

Mouth: esophagus: stomach: small intestine: large intestine

All of the following are considered disorders related to digestion except - GERD - peptic ulcers -diabetes -celiac disease

diabetes

What is the term that describes the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules?

digestion

Hunger and appetite are the same thing. (t/f)

false

food intolerances involve an immune system reaction whereas food allergies do not involve the immune system (t/f)

false

the majority of digestion takes place in the large intestine (t/f)

false

gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy? fat alcohol protein carbohydrate

fat

Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients? fiber protein minerals vitamins

fiber

the development of all of the following diseases are strongly associated with dietary choices EXCEPT: - heart disease - stroke - Alzheimer's disease - Type 2 Diabetes

alzheimer's disease

bile is made in the liver and stored in the...

gallbladder

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?

glucose

What is the storage form of glucose in animals found in liver and skeletal muscle?

glycogen

when food is present, the contents of the stomach are

highly acidic

The three components of total energy expenditure are

basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food

Which region of the brain regulates hunger and satiety?

hypothalamus

In contrast to other scientific disciplines such as physics, chemistry, and astronomy, nutrition is a relatively young science. (t/f)

True

Joyce's friend has recommended that Joyce take a vitamin C supplement before she undergoes oral surgery. Joyce is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement. Which of the following nutrient standards would assist Joyce in determining the highest amount of the supplement that would be safe for her to consume? - UL - RDA - EAR - AMDR

UL

Hunger is best described as:

a physiological drive to consume food

The primary roles of the large intestine include all of the following except - home to intestinal bacteria that digest most remaining food particles - additional digestion by brush border enzymes - non-digestible matter forms feces, which are excreted through the rectum - water and some minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream

additional digestion by brush border enzymes

Which of the following is the MOST important dietary aspect to modify for weight loss? protein fat calories carbohydrate

calories

which of the following describes essential nutrients -cannot be found in food -cannot be digested by the body -cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body -cannot be used to synthesize other components in the body

cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

salivary amylase begins the digestion of what in the mouth?

carbohydrate

What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?

carbohydrates

Diets high in trans-fatty acids are associated with

increased risk of heart disease

After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

insulin

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of digestion? - large intestine - gallbladder - liver - pancrease

large intestine

all of the following provide signals to the hypothalamus that prompt us to eat EXCEPT - blood glucose levels - nerve cells in the respiratory system - nerve cells in the stomach - hormones

nerve cells in the respiratory system

insulin is synthesized and released by the:

pancreas

the primary function of mucus in the stomach is to

protect the stomach cells from gastric juices

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body? - helps to transport nutrients and oxygen - provides a source of energy to work and play - helps to excrete waste products - helps to regulate nervous impulses and muscle contraction

provides a source of energy to work and play

the stomach secretes all of the following EXCEPT - salivary amylase - mucus - hydrochloric acid - gastic lipase

salivary amylase

When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form:

sucrose (table sugar)

The amount of energy expended by the body on digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called

thermic effect of food

what is the function of the brush border in the small intestine?

to increase the surface area of the small intestine

A cup of plain yogurt is higher in nutrient density than a cup of vanilla pudding. (t/f)

true

Appetite is the desire to eat and is triggered by the sight, smell and thought of food. (t/f)

true

the digestive process begins before food enters the mouth (t/f)

true

Carbohydrates and fats are the only nutrients in foods that provide energy. (t/f)

False

Which of the following is a primary link between poor nutrition and higher mortality rates? - Alzheimer's disease - scurvy - osteoporosis - obesity

obesity

A hypothesis or group of related hypotheses that have been confirmed through repeated scientific experiments is known as a(n)

theory