nutrition

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high.

false

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

fructose

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should

give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

glycogen

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid ________.

has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta

has trouble swallowing.

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells.

All the following hormones promote catabolic pathways EXCEPT ________.

insulin

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.

measles

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

The innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the

mucosa

When a person is in ________, their nitrogen intake is balanced with their nitrogen losses.

nitrogen equilibrium

Plant-based diets may not supply enough ________ to meet a child's needs.

protein

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

starch

Digestion of protein begins in the ________.

stomach

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

Fat-free milk

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

Gastric juice

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Increasing age

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

Which of the following is considered an essential amino acid?

Methionine

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE?

Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol

Which type of diabetes is most common in the United States?

Type 2 diabetes

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

bile

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

Metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones are classified as ________.

catabolic

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

cheese

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________.

consuming foods that contain gluten

Which of the following hormones increases gluconeogenesis in the liver?

cortisol

Karen has type 1 diabetes, and she often forgets to administer insulin to herself. Why does her breath usually have a fruity odor?

She has hyperglycemia, which results in ketosis as her body catabolizes an excessive amount of fatty acids.

Starvation is a highly catabolic state characterized by gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and ketogenesis.

true

________ is a chemical pathway that enables muscle cells and liver to store glucose as glycogen.

Glycogenesis

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Corn oil

Which catabolic hormone is made in the adrenal glands and is often called the "stress hormone?"

Cortisol

Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

200

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Canola oil

Which of the following vitamins is not produced by the microflora in the large intestine?

Vitamin C

Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic?

Yogurt

The condition in which a person cannot taste any food is called

ageusia

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?

alpha-linolenic acid

Proteins ________.

are comprised of amino acids

Which of the following statements about Dumping Syndrome is false?

Dumping Syndrome results in chyme staying in the stomach too long, rather than moving into the small intestine.

A fasting blood LDL cholesterol level of 140 mg/dL is considered ________.

borderline high