Nutrition
select all of the following volume measurements that are approximately equal to one liter
1 quart 4 cups
the prefix "micro" means:
1/1,000,000
how many calories are in a kilocalorie
1000
my weight is 60 kilograms. what is my weight in pounds?
132 pounds
4 grams of protein =
16 kcal
one kilogram is equal to how many pounds?
2.2
carbohydrates provide the body with _______ kcal per gram
4
how is binge drinking defined for a female
4 or more drinks in a row
What is 7% of 65?
4.55
10 grams of carbohydrates =
40 kcal
5 grams of fat =
45 kcal
What is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?
5 Reason: One gram of fat contains 9 kcal and one gram of carbohydrate contains 4 kcal, a difference of 5 kcal.
how many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol
7
how many kcal per gram do lipids contain
9
A specific segment on a chromosome that provides the blueprints for the production of all body proteins is called a
Gene
What is the chemical representation of water?
H20
What are structurally simple, inorganic substances that regulate body processes?
Minerals
___ is a condition characterized by excess body fat.
Obesity or Obese
Name the chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet.
Osteoporosis
Which of the following is the main structural material in the body?
Proteins
True or false: Carbohydrates come in the forms of both simple sugars and complex carbohydrates.
True
True or false: Ethanol is the compound found in alcoholic beverages.
True
True or false: Most body structures are made of protein.
True
which of the following accurately describes the scientific method?
a testing procedure designed to detect and eliminate error
which of the following describes a kilocalorie?
a unit describing the energy content of food
which of the following can influence health behaviors of college students?
all of them
hunger is influenced by which of the following
blood levels of nutrients
A linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons, or attraction is called a ___
bond, covalent bond, or molecular bond
which of the following are internal factors that influence safety?
brain chemicals macronutrients hormones
the heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
calorie
______ is a chronic condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
cancer
45%-65% of total kcal
carbohydrate
healthy people 202 includes which of the following objectives?
decrease consumption of sodium, reduce iron deficiency among females of childbearing age, increase consumption of whole grains
because they are not readily excreted, excessive consumption of ____ soluble vitamins is likely to result in toxicity
fat
which of the following are alternative names for lipids
fats oils
besides the enormous toll on physical health, obesity also greatly impacts
health care spending
diabetes is associated with
high blood glucose
_________ causes heart disease
high fat diet
what type of research provides the most convincing evidence about relationships between nutrients and health?
human experiments
the statement that low-calorie, high-fat diets lead to more weight loss over time than low-calorie, high-carbohydrate diets is a(n)
hypothesis
when a scientist suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called
hypothesis
a sedentary lifestyle ______ risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
increases
Minerals are structurally simple, ______ substances.
inorganic
which of the following are nutrient classes that yield energy?
lipids proteins and carbohydrates
nutrients (carbs lipids, proteins) that are needed in quantities greater than a gram are considered
macronutrients
select each of the following statements that are defining characteristics of an essential nutrient
omission biological function permanent damage
What are the two main factors that contribute to the development of obesity?
poor diet lack of physical activity
which of the following are examples of characteristics that increase the risk for osteoporosis
poor diet aging genetic background
which of the following are examples of electrolyte minerals
potassium sodium chloride
10%-35% of total kcal
protein
most enzymes are made of
proteins
A(n) ______ provides the instructions for protein synthesis.
ribosome
obesity is considered the ____ leading cause of preventable death in north america
second
true or false: proteins are involved in the regulation of body processes
true
results from either insufficient insulin release or the general inability for insulin to act on certain body cells and might not require insulin therapy
type 2 diabetes
which of the following are examples of fat-soluble vitamins?
E A
True or false: Lipids provide fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates.
False
True or false: Meat and dairy products are typically rich in phytochemicals.
False Reason: Fruits and vegetables are typically rich in phytochemicals. Health promoting compounds in animal products are called zoochemicals.
What are examples of lipids?
Fats Oils
scientific method
ask hypothesis conduct evaluate follow-up
which of the following are elements that compose carbohydrates
carbon hydrogen oxygen
a lipid is made up of each of the following
carbon hydrogen and oxygen
the participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the _____ group
control
before a research hypothesis can be accepted as a theory.
data from many experiments must support the theory
rising rates of obesity in America contribute to
diabetes cardiovascular disease some types of cancer arthritis
true or false: a mineral is an organic substance
false
_____ are substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of the body
nutrients
name the science that links food and health
nutrition
excessive consumption of which of the following is most commonly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease?
solid fats
A ______ is a decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain that results from a blood clot or other change in arteries in the brain.
stroke
Which of the following are forms of carbohydrates?
sugars starches fibers
_______ causes skin cancer
sun exposure
true or false: routines, habits, advertising, and economics all influence our food choices
true
true or false: vitamins help to enable chemical reactions in the body
true
lipids contain ______ kcal per gram
9
which of the following are examples of fat soluble vitamins
A E
A(n) ______ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons.
Bond
which of the following are water-soluble vitamins
C B6 B12
______ are nutrients that provide the body with a major source of calories.
Carbohydrates
Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?
Carbohydrates Water Lipids
which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?
E A D
which of the following are major contributors to the leading causes of death in the US
ack of physical activity poor diet excessive calorie intake
which ethnic groups are most likely to develop hypertension
african American hispanics
in canada, which two agencies collect data on nutrition and health status of population?
agriculture and agrifood canada health Canada
the building blocks of proteins are:
amino acids
when _______ is left out of the diet, health declines
an essential nutrient
what is the name for the psychological desire for food
appetite
on average, restaurant meals _____ than home prepared meals
are larger, are higher in fat
the greatest increase in rates of overweight and obesity over the past decade has occurred among
children
______ is a waxy lipid found in all body cells that can only be obtained from foods of animal origin
cholesterol
a(n) ______ disease is one that develops over a long period of time
chronic
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all
classes of nutrients
a(n) _____ carbohydrate contains many glucose units
complex
starch and fiber are examples of
complex carbohydrates
what is one strategy to prevent vitamin and mineral deficiencies that may occur when following a strict vegetarian diet?
consuming a ready to eat breakfast cereal
which of the following are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from a poor diet and lack of exercise?
diabetes mellitus hypertension heart disease
the study of nutrition includes ____ of food substances
digestion absorption ingestion excretion
satiety describes a state in which there is a desire to
discontinue eating
which factors can affect our food choices
economics customs flavors advertising
The main function of vitamins in the body is to
enable chemical reactions in the body
a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction is
enzyme
the study of dietary and disease patterns among various population is referred to as
epidemiology
a(n) _____ nutrient is a substance which when left out of a diet leads to poor health the body either can't produce this substance or it can't produce enough of it to meet its needs
essential
true or false: a polysaccharide is an example of a simple sugar
false
true or false: all lipids are soluble in water
false
true or false: an organic substance lacks carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure
false
true or false: if a food contains 10 grams of fat and has 190 calories, then 5% of the calories come from fat
false
true or false: lipids contain fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates
false
true or false: osteoporosis primarily affects young people
false
true or false: the body uses protein as a primary source to meet calorie needs
false
true or false: the prefix milli means 1/100
false
true or false: vitamins minerals and water provide energy
false
20%-35% of total kcal
fat
an excess protein intake above that which is used by the body is converted to fat and stored as ______
fat
which of the following are examples of lipids
fats oils
which of the following are forms of carbohydrates
fibers sugars starches
the body can derive all the essential nutrients from:
food and beverages
which of the following are sources of water for the human body?
food drink and byproduct of metabolism
which of the following are external factors that influence food choices?
food marketing food availability and lifestyle
Nathan was planning to buy strawberries at the grocery store, but he decided to purchase blueberries when he saw that blueberries were on sale for 1.50$ per pint. which of the following factors influenced Nathan's food choice?
food price
select all the diet trends that have contributed to better health for Americans over the last decade
frozen food low fat milk wide variety of food products
Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemicals?
fruits and vegetables
a(n) _____ provides the instructions for production of a specific body protein
gene
which of the following are factors that might contribute to hypertension
genetics excess salt intake obesity
______ is the main 6-carbon simple sugar found in the body
glucose
which of the following are examples of complex carbohydrates?
glycogen fiber starch
how does a hypothesis become a theory?
if the results of many experiments and researchers support a hypothesis
which of the following are the two main causes of obesity among Americans today?
inadequate physical activity excessive calorie intake
Poor dietary choices and a lack of physical activity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and several types of cancer. In other words, poor dietary choices and physical inactivity ______ a person's risk for many chronic diseases.
increase
which of the following are goals of healthy people 2020?
increase quality and years of healthy life, eliminate health disparities
over the past decade the rate of obesity in America has
increased
all of the following are among the leading causes of death in the us. select those for which poor diet plays a role:
kidney disease hypertension heart disease diabetes
the heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius
kilocalorie
all of the following are micronutrients except:
lipids
which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients
lipids water carbs
_______ is the term that encompasses all of the chemical processes that occur in living cells
metabolism
name the class of nutrients that includes structurally simple, inorganic substances that do not contain carbon
minerals
proteins are similar in composition to carbohydrates except proteins have
nitrogen
phytochemicals can be classified as _____ nutrients
non-essential
_______ is a condition characterized by excess body fat
obesity
what is the first step in the scientific method?
observation of a natural phenomenon
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are all ______ compounds
organic
over the past decade, Americans have increased their consumption of which food items? select all that apply
pasta breakfast cereals frozen vegetables
generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a ______
placebo
a _______ is composed of many simple sugar units
polysaccharide
joining many glucose units together results in the formation of a
polysaccharide
high intakes of ____ tend to increase the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease hypertension diabetes and obesity
salt alcohol animal fats
Carbohydrates can be categorized as
simple or complex
______ causes lung cancer
smoking
which of the following are examples of risk factors?
smoking nutritional habits and hereditary
in contrast to oils, fats are ______ at room temperature
solid
an explanation of a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence by different researchers to support it is called a(n)?
theory
if daily needs are less that 100 milligrams the mineral is classified as a ___ mineral
trace
the recommended dietary allowance for iron is 18 mg per day for adult women for 8 mg per day for adult en, iron is a(n)
trace mineral
true or false, it is possible to eat well on a budget
true
true or false: a condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated is called hypertension
true
true or false: a solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved
true
true or false: almost all enzymes are considered proteins
true
true or false: cells in the feeding center of the brain signal us to eat
true
true or false: digestion breaks complex carbohydrates into single sugar molecules
true
true or false: eating breakfast may help to prevent overeating later in the day
true
true or false: glycogen fiber and starch are each examples of complex carbs
true
true or false: moderation is necessary when consuming soft drinks, sugar and fried foods
true
true or false: most body structures are made of protein
true
true or false: water is a major component of fruits and vegetables
true
involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas and requires daily insulin therapy
type 1 diabetes
the B vitamins and vitamin C are examples of _______ soluble vitamins
water
the body is comprised of about 60% of what nutrient?
water
when it comes to choosing a beverage, _____ is the healthiest choice
water
which non-energy-yielding nutrient acts as a solvent and lubricant, as a vehicle for transporting nutrients and waste, and as a medium for temperature regulation and chemical processes
water