Nutrition

select all of the following volume measurements that are approximately equal to one liter

1 quart 4 cups

the prefix "micro" means:

1/1,000,000

how many calories are in a kilocalorie

1000

my weight is 60 kilograms. what is my weight in pounds?

132 pounds

4 grams of protein =

16 kcal

one kilogram is equal to how many pounds?

2.2

carbohydrates provide the body with _______ kcal per gram

4

how is binge drinking defined for a female

4 or more drinks in a row

What is 7% of 65?

4.55

10 grams of carbohydrates =

40 kcal

5 grams of fat =

45 kcal

What is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?

5 Reason: One gram of fat contains 9 kcal and one gram of carbohydrate contains 4 kcal, a difference of 5 kcal.

how many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol

7

how many kcal per gram do lipids contain

9

A specific segment on a chromosome that provides the blueprints for the production of all body proteins is called a

Gene

What is the chemical representation of water?

H20

What are structurally simple, inorganic substances that regulate body processes?

Minerals

___ is a condition characterized by excess body fat.

Obesity or Obese

Name the chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet.

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is the main structural material in the body?

Proteins

True or false: Carbohydrates come in the forms of both simple sugars and complex carbohydrates.

True

True or false: Ethanol is the compound found in alcoholic beverages.

True

True or false: Most body structures are made of protein.

True

which of the following accurately describes the scientific method?

a testing procedure designed to detect and eliminate error

which of the following describes a kilocalorie?

a unit describing the energy content of food

which of the following can influence health behaviors of college students?

all of them

hunger is influenced by which of the following

blood levels of nutrients

A linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons, or attraction is called a ___

bond, covalent bond, or molecular bond

which of the following are internal factors that influence safety?

brain chemicals macronutrients hormones

the heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

calorie

______ is a chronic condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

cancer

45%-65% of total kcal

carbohydrate

healthy people 202 includes which of the following objectives?

decrease consumption of sodium, reduce iron deficiency among females of childbearing age, increase consumption of whole grains

because they are not readily excreted, excessive consumption of ____ soluble vitamins is likely to result in toxicity

fat

which of the following are alternative names for lipids

fats oils

besides the enormous toll on physical health, obesity also greatly impacts

health care spending

diabetes is associated with

high blood glucose

_________ causes heart disease

high fat diet

what type of research provides the most convincing evidence about relationships between nutrients and health?

human experiments

the statement that low-calorie, high-fat diets lead to more weight loss over time than low-calorie, high-carbohydrate diets is a(n)

hypothesis

when a scientist suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called

hypothesis

a sedentary lifestyle ______ risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

increases

Minerals are structurally simple, ______ substances.

inorganic

which of the following are nutrient classes that yield energy?

lipids proteins and carbohydrates

nutrients (carbs lipids, proteins) that are needed in quantities greater than a gram are considered

macronutrients

select each of the following statements that are defining characteristics of an essential nutrient

omission biological function permanent damage

What are the two main factors that contribute to the development of obesity?

poor diet lack of physical activity

which of the following are examples of characteristics that increase the risk for osteoporosis

poor diet aging genetic background

which of the following are examples of electrolyte minerals

potassium sodium chloride

10%-35% of total kcal

protein

most enzymes are made of

proteins

A(n) ______ provides the instructions for protein synthesis.

ribosome

obesity is considered the ____ leading cause of preventable death in north america

second

true or false: proteins are involved in the regulation of body processes

true

results from either insufficient insulin release or the general inability for insulin to act on certain body cells and might not require insulin therapy

type 2 diabetes

which of the following are examples of fat-soluble vitamins?

E A

True or false: Lipids provide fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates.

False

True or false: Meat and dairy products are typically rich in phytochemicals.

False Reason: Fruits and vegetables are typically rich in phytochemicals. Health promoting compounds in animal products are called zoochemicals.

What are examples of lipids?

Fats Oils

scientific method

ask hypothesis conduct evaluate follow-up

which of the following are elements that compose carbohydrates

carbon hydrogen oxygen

a lipid is made up of each of the following

carbon hydrogen and oxygen

the participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the _____ group

control

before a research hypothesis can be accepted as a theory.

data from many experiments must support the theory

rising rates of obesity in America contribute to

diabetes cardiovascular disease some types of cancer arthritis

true or false: a mineral is an organic substance

false

_____ are substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of the body

nutrients

name the science that links food and health

nutrition

excessive consumption of which of the following is most commonly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease?

solid fats

A ______ is a decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain that results from a blood clot or other change in arteries in the brain.

stroke

Which of the following are forms of carbohydrates?

sugars starches fibers

_______ causes skin cancer

sun exposure

true or false: routines, habits, advertising, and economics all influence our food choices

true

true or false: vitamins help to enable chemical reactions in the body

true

lipids contain ______ kcal per gram

9

which of the following are examples of fat soluble vitamins

A E

A(n) ______ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons.

Bond

which of the following are water-soluble vitamins

C B6 B12

______ are nutrients that provide the body with a major source of calories.

Carbohydrates

Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?

Carbohydrates Water Lipids

which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?

E A D

which of the following are major contributors to the leading causes of death in the US

ack of physical activity poor diet excessive calorie intake

which ethnic groups are most likely to develop hypertension

african American hispanics

in canada, which two agencies collect data on nutrition and health status of population?

agriculture and agrifood canada health Canada

the building blocks of proteins are:

amino acids

when _______ is left out of the diet, health declines

an essential nutrient

what is the name for the psychological desire for food

appetite

on average, restaurant meals _____ than home prepared meals

are larger, are higher in fat

the greatest increase in rates of overweight and obesity over the past decade has occurred among

children

______ is a waxy lipid found in all body cells that can only be obtained from foods of animal origin

cholesterol

a(n) ______ disease is one that develops over a long period of time

chronic

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all

classes of nutrients

a(n) _____ carbohydrate contains many glucose units

complex

starch and fiber are examples of

complex carbohydrates

what is one strategy to prevent vitamin and mineral deficiencies that may occur when following a strict vegetarian diet?

consuming a ready to eat breakfast cereal

which of the following are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from a poor diet and lack of exercise?

diabetes mellitus hypertension heart disease

the study of nutrition includes ____ of food substances

digestion absorption ingestion excretion

satiety describes a state in which there is a desire to

discontinue eating

which factors can affect our food choices

economics customs flavors advertising

The main function of vitamins in the body is to

enable chemical reactions in the body

a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction is

enzyme

the study of dietary and disease patterns among various population is referred to as

epidemiology

a(n) _____ nutrient is a substance which when left out of a diet leads to poor health the body either can't produce this substance or it can't produce enough of it to meet its needs

essential

true or false: a polysaccharide is an example of a simple sugar

false

true or false: all lipids are soluble in water

false

true or false: an organic substance lacks carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure

false

true or false: if a food contains 10 grams of fat and has 190 calories, then 5% of the calories come from fat

false

true or false: lipids contain fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates

false

true or false: osteoporosis primarily affects young people

false

true or false: the body uses protein as a primary source to meet calorie needs

false

true or false: the prefix milli means 1/100

false

true or false: vitamins minerals and water provide energy

false

20%-35% of total kcal

fat

an excess protein intake above that which is used by the body is converted to fat and stored as ______

fat

which of the following are examples of lipids

fats oils

which of the following are forms of carbohydrates

fibers sugars starches

the body can derive all the essential nutrients from:

food and beverages

which of the following are sources of water for the human body?

food drink and byproduct of metabolism

which of the following are external factors that influence food choices?

food marketing food availability and lifestyle

Nathan was planning to buy strawberries at the grocery store, but he decided to purchase blueberries when he saw that blueberries were on sale for 1.50$ per pint. which of the following factors influenced Nathan's food choice?

food price

select all the diet trends that have contributed to better health for Americans over the last decade

frozen food low fat milk wide variety of food products

Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemicals?

fruits and vegetables

a(n) _____ provides the instructions for production of a specific body protein

gene

which of the following are factors that might contribute to hypertension

genetics excess salt intake obesity

______ is the main 6-carbon simple sugar found in the body

glucose

which of the following are examples of complex carbohydrates?

glycogen fiber starch

how does a hypothesis become a theory?

if the results of many experiments and researchers support a hypothesis

which of the following are the two main causes of obesity among Americans today?

inadequate physical activity excessive calorie intake

Poor dietary choices and a lack of physical activity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and several types of cancer. In other words, poor dietary choices and physical inactivity ______ a person's risk for many chronic diseases.

increase

which of the following are goals of healthy people 2020?

increase quality and years of healthy life, eliminate health disparities

over the past decade the rate of obesity in America has

increased

all of the following are among the leading causes of death in the us. select those for which poor diet plays a role:

kidney disease hypertension heart disease diabetes

the heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius

kilocalorie

all of the following are micronutrients except:

lipids

which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients

lipids water carbs

_______ is the term that encompasses all of the chemical processes that occur in living cells

metabolism

name the class of nutrients that includes structurally simple, inorganic substances that do not contain carbon

minerals

proteins are similar in composition to carbohydrates except proteins have

nitrogen

phytochemicals can be classified as _____ nutrients

non-essential

_______ is a condition characterized by excess body fat

obesity

what is the first step in the scientific method?

observation of a natural phenomenon

carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are all ______ compounds

organic

over the past decade, Americans have increased their consumption of which food items? select all that apply

pasta breakfast cereals frozen vegetables

generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a ______

placebo

a _______ is composed of many simple sugar units

polysaccharide

joining many glucose units together results in the formation of a

polysaccharide

high intakes of ____ tend to increase the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease hypertension diabetes and obesity

salt alcohol animal fats

Carbohydrates can be categorized as

simple or complex

______ causes lung cancer

smoking

which of the following are examples of risk factors?

smoking nutritional habits and hereditary

in contrast to oils, fats are ______ at room temperature

solid

an explanation of a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence by different researchers to support it is called a(n)?

theory

if daily needs are less that 100 milligrams the mineral is classified as a ___ mineral

trace

the recommended dietary allowance for iron is 18 mg per day for adult women for 8 mg per day for adult en, iron is a(n)

trace mineral

true or false, it is possible to eat well on a budget

true

true or false: a condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated is called hypertension

true

true or false: a solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved

true

true or false: almost all enzymes are considered proteins

true

true or false: cells in the feeding center of the brain signal us to eat

true

true or false: digestion breaks complex carbohydrates into single sugar molecules

true

true or false: eating breakfast may help to prevent overeating later in the day

true

true or false: glycogen fiber and starch are each examples of complex carbs

true

true or false: moderation is necessary when consuming soft drinks, sugar and fried foods

true

true or false: most body structures are made of protein

true

true or false: water is a major component of fruits and vegetables

true

involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas and requires daily insulin therapy

type 1 diabetes

the B vitamins and vitamin C are examples of _______ soluble vitamins

water

the body is comprised of about 60% of what nutrient?

water

when it comes to choosing a beverage, _____ is the healthiest choice

water

which non-energy-yielding nutrient acts as a solvent and lubricant, as a vehicle for transporting nutrients and waste, and as a medium for temperature regulation and chemical processes

water