Nutrition

The resting energy expenditure (REE) for men is?

1 cal/kg/hr

Macrominerals are those that people require daily in amounts over 100 mg. What are they?

Calcium phosphorus sodium potassium magnesium chloride sulfur

The 6 major minerals in the body are ___, ___, and ____.

Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur.

_____ is a fatlike substance that is both produced by the body and found in foods of animal origin.

Cholesterol

Because older adults have lowered glucose tolerance, a nursing intervention that can be performed to help with this is?

Eat more complex carbohydrates rather than sugar-rich foods. (e.g. breads, cereals, rice, pasta, potatoes, and legumes)

_____ is a complex carbohydrate derived from plants, supplies roughage, or bulk, to the diet.

Fiber

____, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, enhances the transport of glucose into cells.

Insulin

_____ provides energy, builds and repairs tissue and contain nitrogen

Protein

_____ are polysaccharides, found in plants such as grains, legumes, and potatoes. Other foods, such as cereals, breads, flour, puddings, are processed from starches.

Starches

Fat soluble vitamins are?

Vitamin A, D, E, and K

Can the body store fat-soluble vitamins?

Yes Therefore a daily supply is not absolutely necessary

Energy intake for alcohol a. 4 calories/gram b. 9 calories/gram c. 7 calories/gram

c

Energy intake for fat a. 4 calories/gram b. 7 calories/gram c. 9 calories/gram

c

The body obtains energy in the form of ____ from carbs, protein, fat, and alcohol.

calories

The energy-providing nutrients are?

carbs, fats, and proteins

Amino acids are absorbed by active transport through the small intestine into the portal blood _____.

circulation

double molecule carbohydrates are _____.

disaccharides

In a sense, protein is stored as body tissue, because the body cannot actually store ____ amino acids for future use.

excess

Glucose that cannot be stored as glycogen is converted to ___.

fat

Glycogen is a large polymer (compound molecule) of ____.

glucose

After the body breaks carbohydrates down into ____, some continues to circulate in the blood to maintain blood levels and to provide a readily available source of energy. The remainder is either used as energy or ____.

glucose; stored

Carbohydrates are stored either as ____or as a fat

glycogen

Chemical digestion of lipids begins in the stomach, but are digested mainly in the small _____.

intestines

Microminerals are those that people require under 100 mg per day. What are they?

iron zinc manganese iodine fluoride copper cobalt chromium selenium

The ___ uses some amino acids to synthesize specific proteins (e.g. liver cells and the plasma proteins albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen)

liver

Carbohydrate ____ is a major source of body energy

metabolism

Essentially, all ______ are absorbed by the small intestine in healthy people.

monosaccharides

Examples of ______ fatty acids are oil oil, peanuts, and canola oil

monounsaturated

Digestion of protein foods begins in the ____, where the enzyme pepsin breaks proteins down into smaller units.

mouth

Managing a healthy or ideal body weight requires a balance between the expenditure of energy and the intake of _____.

nutrients

Older adults may have problems associated with _____due to difficulty chewing.

nutrition

A person's energy balance is determined by his or her energy intake with energy ____.

output

Examples of _____ fatty acids are vegetable oil, fish, and margarine.

polyunsaturated

MOST digestion of proteins occurs in the ____ intestines.

small

complex carbohydrates are?

starches and fiber

Cholesterol is needed to create bile acids and to synthesize ____ hormones.

steroid

Simple carbohydrates are?

sugars

Incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids, these are usually derived from ____.

vegetables

Fiber is found in the outer layer of grains, bran and in the skin, seeds, and pulp of many ____ and ____.

vegetables and fruit

What are some nursing interventions you could do as a nurse to help older adults with nutritional problems related to decreased social interaction and loneliness?

-Promote appropriate social interactions at meals. -Encourage client and spouse to take interest in food prep. -Encourage family/caregiver to make dining setting appealing with tablecloth, napkins, and place mats. -If food preparation is not possible, suggest meals on wheels. -Suggest picnics in yard, inviting friends over.

The resting energy expenditure (REE) for women is?

0.9 cal/kg/hr

Womens rule of 5 is?

100 lb for 5ft of height +5 lb. for every inch over 5 ft +/- 10% for body frame size (by measuring wrist)

Mens rule of 6 is?

106 lb for 5 ft of height +6 lb for each inch over 5 ft. +/- 10% for body-frame size

A pound of fat provides ____ kilocalories

3500

Factors affecting Nutrition

Development Sex Ethnicity and culture Beliefs about food Personal preferences religious practices lifestyle economics medication and therapy health alcohol consumption advertising psychological factors

_____ balance is the relationship between the energy derived from food and the energy used by the body.

Energy

Fiber CAN be digested by humans. T or F

False - It cannot be digested by humans

____ persons will obtain most of their calories from fat metabolism, but some amount of carbohydrates or proteins must also be used because the brain, nerves, and RBC require glucose.

Fasting

Single sugar carbohydrates are _____.

Monosaccharides

Can the body store water soluble vitamins?

No Therefore, people must get a daily supply in the diet

Some examples of ___ are light housework, walking steady, heavy housework, laboring, average jogging, cycling, and energetic swimming.

REE

Complete proteins contain all of the essential amino acids plus many nonessential ones. Most animal proteins including meats, poultry, fish, dairy products and eggs are complete proteins. T or F

T

Water soluble vitamins are?

Vitamin C B-complex (B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folic acid), B12 (cobalamin), pantothenic acid, biotin

Energy intake for carbohydrates a. 4 calories/gram b. 9 calories/gram c. 7 calories/gram

a

Energy intake for protein a. 4 calories/gram b. 9 calories/gram c. 7 calories/gram

a

____ ___, organic molecules made up primarily of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. They are categorized as essential or non-essential.

amino acids

Protein metabolism includes three activities, they are?

anabolism catabolism nitrogen balance

Almost all body cells are capable of storing glycogen; however, most is stored in the ____ and ____ muscles, where it is available for conversion back into glucose.

liver and skeletal