Nutrition and Health Exam 3

The adult Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for vitamin C is ____ mg for men and _____ mg for women.

90; 75

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

Which B vitamin is critical for cell replication and proper nerve functioning?

B12

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins were originally named tocopherol? a. vitamin E b. vitamin A c. vitamin K d. vitamin D

a. vitamin E

All of the following are functions of vitamin C EXCEPT which one? a. boosting iron absorption b. cell differentiation c. collagen synthesis d. antioxidant

b. cell differentiation

All the following minerals are important to bone health EXCEPT: a. calcium b. iron c. phosphorus d. magnesium

b. iron

Which of the following is NOT a major function of vitamin A? a. reproduction and growth b. muscle contraction and nerve transmission c. immune function d. cell differentiation

b. muscle contraction and nerve transmission

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins works as an antioxidant? a. vitamin K b. vitamin E c. vitamin A d. vitamin D

b. vitamin E

The plant-derived precursor to vitamin A is _____

beta-carotene

All of the following are good food sources of vitamin D EXCEPT: a. fortified milk. b. tuna. c. citrus fruits. d. salmon.

c. citrus fruits

What does iodine deficiency during pregnancy cause? a. goiter b. brittle bone c. cretinism in newborn d. iodine deficiency anemia

c. cretinism in newborn

All the following are characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins EXCEPT which one? a. Easily lost or destroyed in food preparation and processing. b. Foods that supply the water-soluble vitamins must be consumed frequently. c. Overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity. d. Easily absorbed and excreted from the body

c. overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins? a. The fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed similarly to fat absorption. b. They are not readily excreted and tend to build up in tissues. c. Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements. d. They are stored in the liver and fatty tissues.

c. toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements

Which nutrient transports, dissolves, and reacts with chemicals; provides lubrication and shock protection; and aids in temperature regulation? a. lipids b. minerals c. water d. vitamins

c. water

______ is the most abundant mineral in the body.

calcium

The mineral ______ is responsible for the stomach's acidity.

chloride

The following steps will help prevent vitamin losses EXCEPT which one? a. Refrigerate most fruits and vegetables to slow down vitamin losses. b. Store milk in opaque containers. c. Wash intact fruit and vegetable before cutting or peeling. d. Cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content

d. cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content

What is the main function of vitamin K? a. Transport protein around the body. b. Restore the integrity of the cell membrane. c. Provide energy for cells. d. Help blood to clot.

d. help blood to clot

Choose the situation that decreases the body's ability to make vitamin D. a. young age b. living in a warmer climate c. lighter skin d. living in the northern United States

d. living in the northern United States

All the following inhibit iron absorption EXCEPT: a. tea and coffee b. calcium and phosphorus c. nonheme form of iron d. vitamin C

d. vitamin C

A _____ is a compound that causes increased urinary water excretion.

diuretic

The nutrient needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is _____

fat

______ is valued in the diet because of its ability to inhibit the development of dental caries in children and adults.

fluoride

To make new cells, tissues must have which vitamin?

folate

Vitamin B12 and ____ help cells multiply.

folate

Most of the iron in the body is a component of two proteins, ______ in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells.

hemoglobin

______ is the nonfood source that can produce vitamin K making a deficiency in humans unlikely.

intestinal bacteria

Large doses of _____, a water-soluble vitamin, have been prescribed to help improve blood lipids associated with cardiovascular disease.

niacin

Dietary iron associated with plant sources is called ______ iron.

nonheme

Compounds that when consumed are converted into active vitamins are _____ , also called provitamins.

precursors

A reaction between a base and an acid produces a ______.

salt

The cells direct where the salts go, which determines where the fluids flow because water follows what?

salt

Which deficiency disease is attributed to a lack of vitamin C?

scurvy

_____ should increase their intake of vitamin C because they typically have low vitamin C blood concentrations.

smokers

Hard water is high in calcium and magnesium while soft water is high in what?

sodium

What is the primary food source of vitamin E for Americans?

vegetable oils

Vitamin A and _____ are fat-soluble vitamins that act like hormones.

vitamin D

When exposed to sunlight, the skin makes ______

vitamin D

Sodium attracts ______ , causing an increase in blood volume and an increase in blood pressure.

water

_____ is the nutrient that is most indispensable.

water