Nutrition and Health Final
Factors that influence eating decisions
1. physiological influences 2. sensory influences 3. cognitive influences 4. post ingestive influences 5. post absorption influences
Key to weight loss
3500=1 pound
Health Benefits of Weight Loss
5-10% of body weight can make a huge difference
Energy Expenditure
50-65%: BMR 5-10% Thermic of food 25-30% Physical activity
BMI Index Cut Points
Underweight: <18.5 Normal weight: 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obese: > 30.0
Triglycerides
Unhealthy: 200-499 mg/dL Borderline: 150-199 mg/dL Healthy: <150-199 md/dL
HDL Cholesterol
Unhealthy: less than 40mg/dL High (healthy): greater than 60 mg/dL
risk factors
factors known to be related or correlated to diseases
Diabetes type 2
high insulin levels; insulin resistance
Prediabetes
higher than normal fasting blood sugar but not high enough to diagnose diabetes (100-125)
ghrelin
hunger hormone
Self-Monitoring
is a means to identify behaviors to change
Appetite
physiological desire to eat `
inflammation
the immune systems response to an infection of injury
Major obesity-related disease risks
*Arthritis *Sleep apnea *Cancers *Diabetes *Heart Disease *Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) *Stroke *Gallbladder issues (stones) *Liver disease
DASH eating plan
-Rich in low-fat dirty products -High in fruits and vegetables -low saturated fat and cholesterol
Central Obesity
excess fat within the abdomen and the trunk which poses greater risks of major chronic
extreme obesity
clinically severe overweight presenting very high risks to health. BMI of 40 or above.
obesity
excess body weight associated with increased risk of mortality and chronic diseases; a body mass index of 30 or higher
Hypertension
140/90 defines high blood pressure prehypertension: 120/80-139/89 optimal level: 120/80
Metabolic Syndrome
Cluster of risk factors (any 3 of risk factors) -central obesity -high triglycerides -hypertension
Total blood cholesterol
Desirable (healthy): less than 200mg/dL Borderline High: 200-239 mg/dL High (unhealthy): 240 mg/Dl and above
GDM (gestational diabetes)
Diabetes during pregnancy
Waist Circumference
Men: 102 cm or 40 inches Women: 88 cm or 35 inches
LDL Cholesterol
Optimal: less than 100 mg/dL Near Optimal: 100-139 mg/dL Borderline High: 130-159 mg/dL High: 160 mg/dL and above
Body Mass Index (BMI)
an indicator of health risks from obesity or underweight, calculated by dividing the weight of a person by the square of the person's height
Hunger
physiological need to eat
atherosclerosis
plaque along the inner walls of the arteries
Diabetes type 1
produces little or no insulin (autoimmune disease) beta cells are destroyed
Adipokines
protein hormones created and released by adipose tissue Regulates inflammatory processes