Nutrition and Health Final

Factors that influence eating decisions

1. physiological influences 2. sensory influences 3. cognitive influences 4. post ingestive influences 5. post absorption influences

Key to weight loss

3500=1 pound

Health Benefits of Weight Loss

5-10% of body weight can make a huge difference

Energy Expenditure

50-65%: BMR 5-10% Thermic of food 25-30% Physical activity

BMI Index Cut Points

Underweight: <18.5 Normal weight: 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obese: > 30.0

Triglycerides

Unhealthy: 200-499 mg/dL Borderline: 150-199 mg/dL Healthy: <150-199 md/dL

HDL Cholesterol

Unhealthy: less than 40mg/dL High (healthy): greater than 60 mg/dL

risk factors

factors known to be related or correlated to diseases

Diabetes type 2

high insulin levels; insulin resistance

Prediabetes

higher than normal fasting blood sugar but not high enough to diagnose diabetes (100-125)

ghrelin

hunger hormone

Self-Monitoring

is a means to identify behaviors to change

Appetite

physiological desire to eat `

inflammation

the immune systems response to an infection of injury

Major obesity-related disease risks

*Arthritis *Sleep apnea *Cancers *Diabetes *Heart Disease *Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) *Stroke *Gallbladder issues (stones) *Liver disease

DASH eating plan

-Rich in low-fat dirty products -High in fruits and vegetables -low saturated fat and cholesterol

Central Obesity

excess fat within the abdomen and the trunk which poses greater risks of major chronic

extreme obesity

clinically severe overweight presenting very high risks to health. BMI of 40 or above.

obesity

excess body weight associated with increased risk of mortality and chronic diseases; a body mass index of 30 or higher

Hypertension

140/90 defines high blood pressure prehypertension: 120/80-139/89 optimal level: 120/80

Metabolic Syndrome

Cluster of risk factors (any 3 of risk factors) -central obesity -high triglycerides -hypertension

Total blood cholesterol

Desirable (healthy): less than 200mg/dL Borderline High: 200-239 mg/dL High (unhealthy): 240 mg/Dl and above

GDM (gestational diabetes)

Diabetes during pregnancy

Waist Circumference

Men: 102 cm or 40 inches Women: 88 cm or 35 inches

LDL Cholesterol

Optimal: less than 100 mg/dL Near Optimal: 100-139 mg/dL Borderline High: 130-159 mg/dL High: 160 mg/dL and above

Body Mass Index (BMI)

an indicator of health risks from obesity or underweight, calculated by dividing the weight of a person by the square of the person's height

Hunger

physiological need to eat

atherosclerosis

plaque along the inner walls of the arteries

Diabetes type 1

produces little or no insulin (autoimmune disease) beta cells are destroyed

Adipokines

protein hormones created and released by adipose tissue Regulates inflammatory processes