Nutrition Ch. 4
Tooth decay is the only health problem clearly associated with eating
carbohydrates
Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called
insoluble fiber
The combination of a very high fiber intake and low fluid intake can lead to
intestinal blockages, constipation
Patients who experience reactive hypoglycemia may benefit from eating
meals on a regular schedule, meals with a mixture of macronutrients
Which of the following are sources of strach in the diet?
potatoes, whole wheat bread, pasta
Lactase is produced by the cells of the
small intestine
Which type of fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine?
soluble fiber
Name the three components of whole grain?
Endosperm, germ, bran
Which Macro-nutrient provides 9 kcal per gram?
Fat
A diet excessive in ______ may decrease the absoprion of essential minerals such as iron and zinc
Fiber
Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?
Fructose
Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many________ units bonded together?
Glucose
Name the Major monosaccharide found in the body?
Glucose
____ is also known as dextrose or blood sugar
Glucose
In the human body, the form of carbohydrate that circulates in the blood and serves as a source of immediate energy is___. This can be stored in the live or muscle tissue in the form of_____.
Glucose; glycogen
What are the two common forms of carbohydrate used by the cell as fuel?
Glycogen, Glucose
Why is a high fiber diet helpful in weight loss?
It provides few calories and contributes to satiety
Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of?
Lactose
Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?
Liver and Muscle
____ is a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages
Maltose
_____, or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together.
Maltose
Where does the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates begin?
Mouth
Which of these sweeteners provide significant calories when consumed in amounts typically used in food products?
Sugars and sugar alcohols
What is a hemorrhoid?
Swelling of a large vein in the anal region
The five subgroups that vegetables are organized include:
beans and peas, dark green vegetables, starchy vegetable, red and orange vegetables
True or False: A person is diagnosed as being diabetic when his/her blood sugar reaches a level of 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood
false
True or False: Consumption of sugar induces hyperactivity among children
false
Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: Glucose and________
fructose
Which of the following are examples of simple sugars?
glucose, galactose, fructose
in the liver, galactose is either transformed into ____ or further metabolized into____.
glucose; glycogen
if no carbohydrates are consumed, the liver's supply of _____ will be depleted within 18 hours
glycogen
Which MyPlate food groups provide many high-fiber foods?
grains, vegetables. fruits
Amylopectin
highly branched chain of glucose units
Type 2 diabetes can often be effectively managed through
physical activity, moderate weight loss, diet
True or False: Fermentable fiber is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria
False
True or False: Type 2 diabetic patients always require insulin
False
True or False: insoluble fiber in the large intestine is fermented by bacteria, which results in the formation of gas
False
Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many of glucose units together?
Polysaccharides
n metabolic syndrome, which of the following maybe elevated?
blood pressure, fastin glucose, triglycerides
People with diabetes nearly always develop
cardiovascular disease
Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?
cellulose, amylose,amylopectin
Lactose intolerance
chronically decreased production of lactase resulting in severe abdominal pain even in small amounts of lactose
Primary lactose maldigestion
chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, ans diarrhea after large amounts of lactase
Following traditional symptoms of diabetes?
excessive thirst, hunger and frequent urination
True or False: Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials
false
Healthy carbohydrate alternatives to fast-food and college cafeterias include?
fat-free milk, fresh fruit, yogurt
What has contributed to fewer dental caries in North American children over the last 20 years?
fluoridated water, fluorude toothpaste
Honey contains....
fructose and glucose
Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of
gases,acids
Most of the fructose consumed in the diet is converted to_____ in the liver?
glucose
Symptoms of hypoglycemia should resolve quickly with the consumption of
glucose, carbohydrate
Sugar alcohols are used in
gum, candy, breath mints
Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an___ system disorder, which causes destrucion of the_____- producing cells in the____
immune; insulin; pancreas
glucagon
increases blood glucose
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
provide energy
A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because
reduced insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver, fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver, soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted
Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?
shakiness, hunger, sweating
secondary lactose maldigestion
temporarily decreased production of lactase due to specific cause, sauch as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain... ect.
Which of the following are sources of starch in the diet?
whole wheat bread, potatoes, pasta
What is the RDA for carbohydrates for adults?
130 grams per day
a serving from the grains category of MyPlate provides ___ grams of carbohydrates.
15
A serving from MyPlate fruit group provides ___ grams of carbohydrates
18
A serving from the dairy group of MyPlate provides ___ grams of carbohydrates?
12
A medium banana provides approximately what percentage of the RDA for carbohydrate?
25%
According to the Food and Nutrition Board, Carbohydrates should provide _____ % to ___% of total calories in the diet.
45-65
A high-___ dietary pattern is cleary associated with development of dental caries?
Carbohydrates
Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two _____ acids and methanol.
amino
Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ____ is digested more rapidly than_____
amylopectin; amylose
Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about %20 of digestible starch
amylose
Key nutrients provided by dairy products are:
Calcium, potassium, vitamin D, protein
A serving from the MyPlate vegetable group provides ___ grams of carbohydrates
5
Best description pf a starch?
A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest
what is satiety?
A feeling of being more full
Soft Drinks and dairy desserts are major sources of ____ in the American Diet
Calories, added sugars
Saccharin, aspatme, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame-K, stevia, luo han guo, and advantame are examples of _____ that are available in the United States?
Alternative Sweeteners
Which of the following are good sources of viscous fiber?
Apples, kidney beans, carrots
Which of the following are common food sources of amylose?
Beans, vegetables, breads
Which of the following are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet the Als?
Choose whole grains, fiber-rich fruits, vegetables
What statements are true about fiber?
Complex Carbohydrate, Adds bulk to feces, a substance found in plants
Which of the following alternative sweeteners was once believed to cause bladder cancer but since has been proven safe?
Saccharin
Digestion of carbohydrates by human enzymes takes place in which sections of the GI tract.
Small intestine and mouth
True or False: A high-fiber diet may increase the availability of nutrients
True
True or False: Amylase is an enzyme that is released from the salivary glands and the pancreas
True
True or False: Cellulose is and undigestible, nonfermentable, straight-chain polysaccharide made of glucose molecules
True
True or False: The dietary Guidelines recommend increasing whole grain intake by replacing some refined grains with whole grains.
True
True or False: The increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes feeling of fullness without yielding many calories
True
True or False: The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.
True
True or false: Aspartame does not cause tooth decay
True
True or false: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides
True
True or false: The cooking process is often viewed as the starting point of carbohydrate digestion because cooking helps to soften the tough connective fibers in the plants
True
Which fruits are great sources of dietary fiber?
Whole or Cut Up
Which of the following is a sugar alcohol
Xylitol
Fiber is considered to be ?
a polysaccharide
Solube fiber ______ the absoption of cholesterol and cholesterol-rich bile acids into the blood
decreases
Insulin
decreases blood glucose
Amylose
staright chain of glucose units
The artificial sweetener ____ is considered useful in bakin because it resists destruction by heat
sucralose
In which part of the GI tract does a minor amount of carbohydrate digestion begin
the mouth
True or False: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen
true
True or false: Functional fiber must show beneficial effects in humans, whereas total fiber is the combination of dietary fiber and functional fiber in the food
true
True or false: the liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen
true