nutrition ch 4
2010 dietary guidelines recommend ___ of our grains come from whole grains
1/2
a serving of dairy from MyPlate provides__ g of carbs
12
criterion for fasting bloog glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic
126 mg/100 mL of blood
what is the AI level of dietary fiber for men
38 g
what blood glucose measurements indicates hypoglycemia
47
people with diabetes nearly always develop
CV disease
aspartame is an alternative sweetener made up of 2 ___ acids and methanol
amino
what polysaccharides is digested most rapidly
amylopectin
long straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch
amylose
at what age can type 1 diabetes first occur
any age
when a person consumed fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following
blockages in the intestine
high-fiber diet is helpful for weight management because
bulk contributes to satiety, provides few calories
providing energy is the primary function of
carbohydrate
what does starch mean
carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest
macronutrient that provides 4 kcal per gram
carbohydrates
what is the risk of consuming sugars in the diet
cavities
which of the following actions help in the digestion of carbs
cooking, chewing
what fruits are good sources of dietary fiber
cut up or whole fruits
insulin...
decreases blood glucose
another name for glucose
dextrose
symptoms of diabetes include
extreme thirst, frequent urination, excessive hunger
what areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes
eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart
sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose & ____
fructose
which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?
fructose
nutritionally similar to table sugar, honey contains
fructose & glucose
difference between functional and dietary fiber
functional is added for beneficial health effects, dietary naturally present
fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of
gases & acids
glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many ___ units bonded together
glucose
major monosaccharide found in the body
glucose
what is the major monosaccharide found in the body
glucose
what are the 3 monosaccharides (simple sugars)?
glucose, fructose, galactose
amylopectin
highly branched chain of glucose units
glucagon...
increases blood glucose
what foods are useful for managing blood glucose levels
kidney beans, apples, oatmeal
milk and other dairy products are major food sources of ___ (a disaccharide)
lactose
dietary guidelines urge americans to
limit intake of added sugars, consume 3+ ounces per day of whole grain
major storage sites for glycogen
liver and muscle
__ is a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages
maltose
has two glucose molecules bonded together (aka malt sugar)
maltose
natural food sources of sucrose
maple sugar, sugar beets
type 2 diabetes can be managed through
moderate weight loss, diet, physical activity
basic unit of all carbohydrate structure
monosaccharides
which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many of glucose units together?
polysaccharides
what dietary components help to moderate swings in blood glucose
protein, fiber, fat
complex carbohydrates are also known as
starch
amylose
straight chain of glucose units
what statements about fiber are true?
substance found in plants, complex carbohydrates, adds bulk to feces
artificial sweetener resistant to heat
sucralose
treatment for metabolic syndrome is essentially the same as
type 2 diabetes treatment
grains containing the entire seed of the plant (including bran, germ, and endosperm) are called
whole grains
the combo of a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day) and lw fluid intake can lead to
constipation and intestinal blockages
RDA for carbs in adults is
130 grams per day
food and nutrition board says that carbs should provide ___% to___% of total calories in the diet
45; 65
a serving from the MyPlate veggie group provides __ grams of carbs
5
long, straight chain type of starch that makes up 20% of digestible starch
amylose
what are easy ways to increase dietary fiber intakes to meet AIs
choose whole grains, choose veggies, choose fiber-rich fruits
lactose intolerance
chronically decreased production of lactase resulting in severe ab pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of even small amounts of lactose
primary lactose maldigestion
chronically decreased production of lactase w no apparent cause; may cause ab pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose
two common forms of carbohydrate used by the cell as fuel
glycogen & glucose
what MyPlate food group contain many high fiber foods
grains, fruits, and veggies
glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is stored in the __ and __
muscles; liver
viscous fiber helps to regulate blood glucose by
slowing absorption of glucose from the small intestine
in which part of of the GI tract does absorption of carbs begin
small intestine
___ fiber is readily fermented by bacteria in the large intestine
soluble
problem with an excess amount of ___ in the diet is that it provides empty calories and promotes dental carries
sugar
secondary lactose maldigestion
temporarily decreased production of lactase due to specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause ab pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose
