nutrition ch 4

2010 dietary guidelines recommend ___ of our grains come from whole grains

1/2

a serving of dairy from MyPlate provides__ g of carbs

12

criterion for fasting bloog glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic

126 mg/100 mL of blood

what is the AI level of dietary fiber for men

38 g

what blood glucose measurements indicates hypoglycemia

47

people with diabetes nearly always develop

CV disease

aspartame is an alternative sweetener made up of 2 ___ acids and methanol

amino

what polysaccharides is digested most rapidly

amylopectin

long straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch

amylose

at what age can type 1 diabetes first occur

any age

when a person consumed fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following

blockages in the intestine

high-fiber diet is helpful for weight management because

bulk contributes to satiety, provides few calories

providing energy is the primary function of

carbohydrate

what does starch mean

carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

macronutrient that provides 4 kcal per gram

carbohydrates

what is the risk of consuming sugars in the diet

cavities

which of the following actions help in the digestion of carbs

cooking, chewing

what fruits are good sources of dietary fiber

cut up or whole fruits

insulin...

decreases blood glucose

another name for glucose

dextrose

symptoms of diabetes include

extreme thirst, frequent urination, excessive hunger

what areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes

eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart

sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose & ____

fructose

which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?

fructose

nutritionally similar to table sugar, honey contains

fructose & glucose

difference between functional and dietary fiber

functional is added for beneficial health effects, dietary naturally present

fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of

gases & acids

glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many ___ units bonded together

glucose

major monosaccharide found in the body

glucose

what is the major monosaccharide found in the body

glucose

what are the 3 monosaccharides (simple sugars)?

glucose, fructose, galactose

amylopectin

highly branched chain of glucose units

glucagon...

increases blood glucose

what foods are useful for managing blood glucose levels

kidney beans, apples, oatmeal

milk and other dairy products are major food sources of ___ (a disaccharide)

lactose

dietary guidelines urge americans to

limit intake of added sugars, consume 3+ ounces per day of whole grain

major storage sites for glycogen

liver and muscle

__ is a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages

maltose

has two glucose molecules bonded together (aka malt sugar)

maltose

natural food sources of sucrose

maple sugar, sugar beets

type 2 diabetes can be managed through

moderate weight loss, diet, physical activity

basic unit of all carbohydrate structure

monosaccharides

which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many of glucose units together?

polysaccharides

what dietary components help to moderate swings in blood glucose

protein, fiber, fat

complex carbohydrates are also known as

starch

amylose

straight chain of glucose units

what statements about fiber are true?

substance found in plants, complex carbohydrates, adds bulk to feces

artificial sweetener resistant to heat

sucralose

treatment for metabolic syndrome is essentially the same as

type 2 diabetes treatment

grains containing the entire seed of the plant (including bran, germ, and endosperm) are called

whole grains

the combo of a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day) and lw fluid intake can lead to

constipation and intestinal blockages

RDA for carbs in adults is

130 grams per day

food and nutrition board says that carbs should provide ___% to___% of total calories in the diet

45; 65

a serving from the MyPlate veggie group provides __ grams of carbs

5

long, straight chain type of starch that makes up 20% of digestible starch

amylose

what are easy ways to increase dietary fiber intakes to meet AIs

choose whole grains, choose veggies, choose fiber-rich fruits

lactose intolerance

chronically decreased production of lactase resulting in severe ab pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of even small amounts of lactose

primary lactose maldigestion

chronically decreased production of lactase w no apparent cause; may cause ab pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

two common forms of carbohydrate used by the cell as fuel

glycogen & glucose

what MyPlate food group contain many high fiber foods

grains, fruits, and veggies

glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is stored in the __ and __

muscles; liver

viscous fiber helps to regulate blood glucose by

slowing absorption of glucose from the small intestine

in which part of of the GI tract does absorption of carbs begin

small intestine

___ fiber is readily fermented by bacteria in the large intestine

soluble

problem with an excess amount of ___ in the diet is that it provides empty calories and promotes dental carries

sugar

secondary lactose maldigestion

temporarily decreased production of lactase due to specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause ab pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose