Nutrition Ch. 5

The dietitian tells a patient prescribed a 2000 calorie diet that he should eat no more than _____ grams of total fat each day.

78

A desirable level of total cholesterol is _____ milligrams per deciliter.

<200

T or F: Coconut oil contains mostly saturated fatty acids

True

T or F: Food products made with solid fats often provide a lot of energy, but they supply few essential nutrients

True

T or F: In terms of nutrition, the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important forms of polyunsaturated fats

True

Calculate a personal daily fat allowance in grams for a person with an energy intake of 1700 kilocalories and a goal of 25 percent of kilocalories from fat. a. 47 b. 106 c. 189 d. 425

a. 47

Which is appropriate according to the DRI and Dietary Guidelines for someone on a 1600-calorie diet? a. 53 grams of total fat b. 27 grams of total fat c. 27 grams of saturated fat d. 10 grams of trans-fat

a. 53 grams of total fat

When food is consumed, in which of the following organs is excess energy stored? a. Adipose cells b. Liver c. Stomach d. Spleen

a. Adipose cells

Which food is a source of monounsaturated fatty acids? a. Avocado b. Soybean oil c. Sunflower seeds d. Salmon

a. Avocado

Omega-3 fatty acids: a. Contain a double bond at the third omega carbon b. Are a form of saturated fatty acids c. Are synthesized in the liver d. Increase inflammation in the body

a. Contain a double bond at the third omega carbon

A desirable blood lipid profile would include a(n) a. LDL cholesterol of <100 milligrams per deciliter b. LDL cholesterol of >150 milligrams per deciliter c. Total cholesterol of >200 milligrams per deciliter d. HDL cholesterol of <30 milligrams per deciliter

a. LDL cholesterol of <100 milligrams per deciliter

The position of the double bond closest to the methyl (CH3) end of fatty acid is described by a(n) _____ number. a. Omega b. Theta c. Alpha d. Poly

a. Omega

Which of the following foods has the lowest cholesterol level? a. Peanut butter b. Eggs c. Deli roast beef d. Havarti cheese e. Pepperoni

a. Peanut butter

Which symptom might someone with anorexia nervosa develop as a result of fatty acid deficiency? a. Skin lesions b. Osteoporosis c. Dizziness or fainting d. Irregular heart rhythm

a. Skin lesions

How much does obesity increase the risk of death from Covid-19? a. 30 percent b. 40 percent c. 50 percent d. 60 percent

c. 50 percent

What should be noticed about the foods and cholesterol? a. Plant-based cholesterols are actually more dangerous than animal-based cholesterols b. Foods that have no trans fats typically have higher levels of cholesterol c. Cholesterol is found only in animal-based foods d. The higher the cholesterol, the higher the total kcalories e. High-cholesterol foods also have higher protein contents

c. Cholesterol is found only in animal-based foods

Which lipoprotein transports dietary fat to the cells in your body? a. Phospholipid b. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) c. Chylomicron d. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) e. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein)

c. Chylomicron

Fatty acids vary in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to the number of a. Carbons in the chain b. kCalories provided c. Double bonds d. Oxygen atoms

c. Double bonds

Even though eggs are naturally high in cholesterol, why might they still be a good choice? a. Eggs are very high in kcalories b. A whole egg has more total fat than a serving of peanut butter c. Eggs are a good source of protein d. Eggs have the lowest trans fat content of all protein sources e. Eggs have more saturated fat than even the "light" cheese

c. Eggs are a good source of protein

The function of bile in fat digestion is to a. Initiate fat digestion in the stomach b. Neutralize stomach acidity c. Emulsify fats into smaller particles d. Hydrolyze fatty acids from triglycerides

c. Emulsify fats into smaller particles

Which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from your arteries and other places in the body and returns it back to the liver for further metabolism? a. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) b. Chylomicron c. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) d. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) e. Phospholipid

c. HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

Which digestive enzyme is released from the salivary gland and plays an active role in fat digestion in infants? a. Protease b. Peptidase c. Lingual lipase d. Salivary amylase

c. Lingual lipase

What is the primary role of triglycerides? a. They remove waste from the body b. They transport fluids in the body c. They provide the cells with energy d. They break down food in the stomach

c. They provide the cells with energy

Which of the following foods is lowest in saturated fat? a. Peanut butter b. Eggs c. Light Havarti cheese d. Deli roast beef e. Pepperoni

d. Deli roast beef

Which trait makes phospholipids useful to food manufacturers? a. Crispness b. Sweetness c. Thickening d. Emulsification

d. Emulsification

Juan's doctor wants him to consume more omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Which food should he eat? a. Canola oil b. Walnut oil c. Coconut oil d. Flaxseed oil

d. Flaxseed oil

Which of the following happens to the bile that is reabsorbed by the small intestine? a. The bile is broken down and sent to the kidneys as waste b. The bile is broken down, sent to the lymphatic system, and discarded as waste c. The bile is stored in the body's fat cells d. Most of the bile is reabsorbed from the small intestine and recycled

d. Most of the bile is reabsorbed from the small intestine and recycled

Which statement is true of omega-3 fatty acid supplements? a. All adults should take omega-3 fatty acid supplements b. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements will improve immune function c. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements reduces LDL-cholesterol levels d. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements can cause excessive bleeding

d. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements can cause excessive bleeding

Which of the following members of the lipid family are soluble in both water and fat? a. Triglycerides b. Saturated fats c. Sterols d. Phospholipids

d. Phospholipids

Which food is a major source of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids? a. Walnuts b. Flaxseed c. Chia seed d. Pumpkin seeds

d. Pumpkin seeds

Which of the following foods has the highest polyunsaturated fat content per serving? a. Peanut butter b. Eggs c. Deli roast beef d. Salmon e. Pepperoni

d. Salmon

Which types of dietary fats can increase blood LDL concentrations ? a. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids b. Omega-3 fatty acids, cis-fatty acids c. Fiber, omega-6 fatty acids d. Saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids

d. Saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids

Which of the following behave more like saturated fats, increasing blood cholesterol, and heart disease risk? a. Omega-3 fatty acids b. Omega-6 fatty acids c. Conjugated linoleic acids d. Trans-fatty acids

d. Trans-fatty acids

Chylomicrons transport ____________ to the body cells.

dietary lipids

Which of the following foods is highest in saturated fat? a. Peanut butter b. Eggs c. Light Havarti cheese d. Salmon e. Pepperoni

e. Pepperoni

Which of the following foods has the lowest kcalories and highest protein per serving? a. Pepperoni b. Peanut butter c. Deli roast beef d. Eggs e. Salmon

e. Salmon

Coconut oil is:

saturated fat

Most lipid digestion occurs in the ___________.

small intestine

Lipids that have a multiple-ring structure are called ___________.

sterols

Type of lipid: Are made up of rigid carbon rings with no fatty acid tails

sterols

Type of lipid: Cholesterol is one

sterols

Type of lipid: Comprise about 95% of the fat that we eat

triglycerides

A(An) ___________ fatty acid is liquid at room temperature and is not hydrogenated.

unsaturated

A saturated fatty acid contains ____________ double bonds within the fatty acid chain, whereas an unsaturated fatty acid contains ______ or more double bonds.

zero; one

Olive oil is:

monounsaturated fat

Essential fatty acids:

omega-6 and omega-3

The cell membrane is made of _____________ assembled into a lipid bilayer.

phospholipids

Omega-3

-linoleic acid is one -fatty fish are a good source -anti-inflammatory effect in the body

Omega-6

-linoleic acid is one -generally consumed in excess in the human diet -vegetable oils are a primary source -have a pro-inflammatory effect in the body

_______ emulsifies fat, whereas _______ digests fat.

Bile; lipase

___________ have a localized effect.

Eicosanoids

T or F: Cod, grouper, and tuna have the highest concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids of any seafood

False- herring, sea bass, and salmon

T or F: Eggs and tofu are considered to be very lean food options with respect to fat content

False- they are medium-fat protein options

Elevated blood _____ cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

LDL

When a fatty acid is described as being saturated, it means that it a. Has limited chemical stability b. Contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms c. Contains multiple double bonds between its carbon atoms d. Contains three bonds linking each carbon atom

b. Contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms

Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to the cells in your body, but can get stuck in arteries while traveling in the blood, depositing cholesterol that eventually leads to plaque formation? a. Phospholipid b. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) c. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) d. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) e. Chylomicron

b. LDL (low-density lipoprotein)

Which of the following blood lipids is linked most directly to heart disease? a. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol c. Linolenic acid d. Linoleic acid

b. LDL cholesterol

What should be a goal for the daily dietary intake of saturated fat? a. Less than 25-30 percent of daily energy should come from saturated fat b. Less than 10 percent of daily energy should come from saturated fat c. There should be as little saturated fat as possible. d. Less than 5 percent of daily energy should come from saturated fat e. Less than half of the kcalories from fat should be saturated fat

b. Less than 10 percent of daily energy should come from saturated fat

The traditional Mediterranean diet emphasizes all of the following foods EXCEPT: a. Whole grains b. Red meats c. Nuts d. Fruits and vegetables

b. Red meats

Which of the following fish should be avoided because of its high mercury content? a. Salmon and tilapia b. Swordfish and tilefish c. Cod and sole d. Most shellfish

b. Swordfish and tilefish

If a fat source is counted toward an individual's discretionary kcalories, what does this mean? a. This fat source should be a consistent part of a person's diet b. This fat source is high in saturated fat, and its intake should be limited c. This fat source supplies essential fatty acids d. This fat source should account for 30 percent of the daily fat intake

b. This fat source is high in saturated fat, and its intake should be limited

A triglyceride consists of three fatty acids attached to a ____________.

glycerol

Type of lipid: Act as emulsifiers

phospholipids

Type of lipid: Have both a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end

phospholipids

Corn oil is:

polyunsaturated fat