nutrition ch 7

to make proteins cells assemble the 20 amino acids in specific sequences according to information provided by ___________________

DNA

T OR F sometimes amino acids tat are normally nonessential can become conditionally essential

true

steps of urea production and removal

-deamination results in the production of amonia -liver converts ammonia to urea -urea is released into the blood -kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine

which of the following account for the majority of the nitrogen losses that occur each day

urinary elimination in urea

kwashiorkor symptom

stunted growth and swollen cheeks

how many amino acids are considered essential

9

edema

buildup of fluid in tissues

celiac disease

common inherited condition that results in poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine

PDCAA

considers how well the body converts food protein into body tissue and also the amino acid composition

people with PKU need to avoid

milk products meats egg

which element is part of a protein but not lipids or carbs

nitrogen

bulding blocks of protein

amino acid

low quality proteins

dietary proteins that are low in, or lack, one or more essential amino acids

2 key facotrs to determine quality of a protein

digestibility amino acid composition

what do people with PEM lack

energy and protein

T OR F celiac disease and gluten sensitivity are the same condition

false people with gluten sensitivity do not have damage to the small intestine

diets that exclude ___________________ and ____________________ have not been proven to cure autism spectrum disorder

gluten and casein

a sign of food intolerance

having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the bodys immune response

percent of adults who do not eat meat fish or poultry

2.3%

semivegetarian

consumes fish poultry eggs and dairy products but not red meat

transamination

involves the process of transferring a nitrogen-containing group to another substance make an amino acid reactions are reversible

deficiencies from vegitarian diet

iron and ca vitamin d and riboflavin

the blood test BUN can be used to asses the function of the _____________

kidneys

PER

measures the weight gain of growing lab animals in relation to a specific type of protein

what foods have high quality protein

meat fish poultry eggs

two people with hypertension decide to follow a low sodium diet. one of the persons blood pressure goes down but the others does not. this may be related to what?

nutritional genomics genes

legume

part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds

example of legume

peanuts garden peas lentils

steps involved in digestion of protein beginning in stomach

-denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin -the pancreas secrets protein-splitting enzymes -final digestion occurs within absorptive cells --amino acids enter the potral vein and travel to the liver -rectum: very little dietary protein is excreted in feces

process of protein digestion

-digested proteins move from the stomach to the small intestine -further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes, including trypsin -final digestion occurs within absorptive cells -amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver

what is true about deamination

-once nitrogen is removed the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton -occurs primarily in the liver -a process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid

biological value

based on how well and how quickly the body converts food protein into body tissue

what elements are combined to make a protein

hydrogen oxygen carbon nitrogen

to treat children with PEM, children need hospitalization, frequent health assessments, and carefully controlled ______________________

refeedings

benefit to including fruits in a plant based meal include

they add appealing colors and textures they add vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals

after digestion, most amino acids are

transported into absorptive cells

foods with the most protein (high to low)

tuna miso (soybean product) milk green peas

symptoms of celiac disease

weight loss chronic diarrhea abdominal bloating