nutrition ch 7
to make proteins cells assemble the 20 amino acids in specific sequences according to information provided by ___________________
DNA
T OR F sometimes amino acids tat are normally nonessential can become conditionally essential
true
steps of urea production and removal
-deamination results in the production of amonia -liver converts ammonia to urea -urea is released into the blood -kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine
which of the following account for the majority of the nitrogen losses that occur each day
urinary elimination in urea
kwashiorkor symptom
stunted growth and swollen cheeks
how many amino acids are considered essential
9
edema
buildup of fluid in tissues
celiac disease
common inherited condition that results in poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine
PDCAA
considers how well the body converts food protein into body tissue and also the amino acid composition
people with PKU need to avoid
milk products meats egg
which element is part of a protein but not lipids or carbs
nitrogen
bulding blocks of protein
amino acid
low quality proteins
dietary proteins that are low in, or lack, one or more essential amino acids
2 key facotrs to determine quality of a protein
digestibility amino acid composition
what do people with PEM lack
energy and protein
T OR F celiac disease and gluten sensitivity are the same condition
false people with gluten sensitivity do not have damage to the small intestine
diets that exclude ___________________ and ____________________ have not been proven to cure autism spectrum disorder
gluten and casein
a sign of food intolerance
having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the bodys immune response
percent of adults who do not eat meat fish or poultry
2.3%
semivegetarian
consumes fish poultry eggs and dairy products but not red meat
transamination
involves the process of transferring a nitrogen-containing group to another substance make an amino acid reactions are reversible
deficiencies from vegitarian diet
iron and ca vitamin d and riboflavin
the blood test BUN can be used to asses the function of the _____________
kidneys
PER
measures the weight gain of growing lab animals in relation to a specific type of protein
what foods have high quality protein
meat fish poultry eggs
two people with hypertension decide to follow a low sodium diet. one of the persons blood pressure goes down but the others does not. this may be related to what?
nutritional genomics genes
legume
part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds
example of legume
peanuts garden peas lentils
steps involved in digestion of protein beginning in stomach
-denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin -the pancreas secrets protein-splitting enzymes -final digestion occurs within absorptive cells --amino acids enter the potral vein and travel to the liver -rectum: very little dietary protein is excreted in feces
process of protein digestion
-digested proteins move from the stomach to the small intestine -further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes, including trypsin -final digestion occurs within absorptive cells -amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver
what is true about deamination
-once nitrogen is removed the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton -occurs primarily in the liver -a process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid
biological value
based on how well and how quickly the body converts food protein into body tissue
what elements are combined to make a protein
hydrogen oxygen carbon nitrogen
to treat children with PEM, children need hospitalization, frequent health assessments, and carefully controlled ______________________
refeedings
benefit to including fruits in a plant based meal include
they add appealing colors and textures they add vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals
after digestion, most amino acids are
transported into absorptive cells
foods with the most protein (high to low)
tuna miso (soybean product) milk green peas
symptoms of celiac disease
weight loss chronic diarrhea abdominal bloating