Nutrition Ch.1

Two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body (micronutrients)

vitamins and minerals

How many grams of fat in 9 kcal?

1

T/F: Most foods are predominantly one nutrient

False

Increasing the number of adults who are at a healthy weight, reducing the number of children who are obese, and increasing the calcium intake for people who are 2 years of age or older are all objectives of

Healthy People 2030

The leading cause of death to Americans is

Heart disease

Macronutrients

Nutrients needed in gram amounts daily and that provide energy; carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; supply energy for cells

T/F: Nuts are an example of a food that is energy dense but does not contain empty calories.

True

No specific food contains _______ the nutrients needed by the body

all of

An energy intake greater than energy expenditure results in

body fat increases

most foods contain a mixture of

carbohydrate, protein, fat

Major classes of nutrients

carbohydrates, fats/lipids, water, proteins, vitamins, and minerals

nutrients

chemical necessary for proper body functioning

The effects of malnutrition can be devastating on the following stages of rapid growth.

childhood, pregnancy, and infancy

The information we know about the relationship between diet and health is _____.

constantly evolving

Dietary supplement

contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake

Medical nutrition therapies are______.

diets prescribed by physicians for chronic health conditions

A poor diet and physical inactivity will increase your risk of

dying prematurely

Empty calories

energy supplied by unhealthy solid fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol

energy density

energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight

By making certain dietary changes (such as decreasing fat intake), a person may _____.

forestall the development of certain diseases and lessen the severity of a disease

Dietary factors contribute to the disease's development

kidney disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease,

In developing countries, poor sanitation practices and the lack of clean cooking and drinking water cause ______.

majority of all diseases

Special diets prescribed for people with chronic health conditions are called _____.

medical nutrition therapies

Nutrition

scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances

How many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol?

seven

poor eating habits contribute to the development of

some types of cancer, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and excess body fat

The endosperm (white flour) is mostly

starch

In 2016, the National Academy of Sciences reported ______.

that there is no scientific evidence that indicates genetically engineered crops are unsafe for humans or harmful to the environment

Physiological dose

the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally

metric/metric values

the standard of measurement used in nutrition is the _____ system

malnutrition

the state of health when the body is improperly nourished, including under- and overnutrition

Statements about alcohol that are true

- Alcohol is not a nutrient - Alcohol provides energy - Pure alcohol furnishes about 7 kcal/gram

Which circumstances increase a person's chances of undernutrition in the United States?

- chronic alcoholism - living in poverty - anorexia nervosa

What contributes to the spread of infectious disease in developing countries?

- lack of clean cooking and drinking water - poor sanitation practices

Examples of foods that are nutrient dense and energy dense are _____.

Nuts, peanut butter, and whole milk

If a person consumes more calories than he/she expends they will _______ weight

gain

Americans with low incomes and individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa and chronic alcoholism are at increased risk of______.

undernutrition

Nutrition-related factors that contribute to many worldwide deaths in children under 5 years include _____.

undernutrition and vitamin deficiencies

Calorie (kcal, kilocalorie)

unit of heat energy needed to raise one liter of water one degree Celsius; a unit describing the energy content of food

Diet

usual pattern of food choices

The nutritional needs of healthy people ______ during different life stages.

vary

All of the following nutrients provide energy for cells EXCEPT

vitamins

To achieve nutritional adequacy and ensure good health, one should consume a variety of foods from the following food groups.

whole grains, fruits, and vegetables

Some Healthy People 2023 has several nutrition-related objectives

1) Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese 2) Reduce the proportion of obese children and adolescents 3) Increase fruit intake of people who are 2 years of age and older 4) Increase the intake of vegetables by people who are 2 years of age and older 5) Increase whole grain intake by people who are 2 years of age and older 6) Reduce intake of added sugars by people by people who are 2 years of age and older 7) Reduce intake of added sugars by people who are 2 years of age and older 8) Increase calcium intake by people who are 2 years of age and older

A gram of carbohydrate (sugar and starches) and a gram of protein each supplies how much kcal?

4

What is the kilocalorie content of a food that provides 7 grams fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein?

91 kcal (7 grams fat X 9 kcal per gram) + (4 grams carbohydrate X 4 kcal per gram) + (3 grams protein X 4 kcal per gram) = 91 kcal

The second leading cause of death for Americans is

Cancer

Top two leading causes of death to Americans are

Cancer and Heart disease

Dietary Moderation

Consuming reasonable amounts of food while obtaining enough nutrients from food