Nutrition Ch.1
Two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body (micronutrients)
vitamins and minerals
How many grams of fat in 9 kcal?
1
T/F: Most foods are predominantly one nutrient
False
Increasing the number of adults who are at a healthy weight, reducing the number of children who are obese, and increasing the calcium intake for people who are 2 years of age or older are all objectives of
Healthy People 2030
The leading cause of death to Americans is
Heart disease
Macronutrients
Nutrients needed in gram amounts daily and that provide energy; carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; supply energy for cells
T/F: Nuts are an example of a food that is energy dense but does not contain empty calories.
True
No specific food contains _______ the nutrients needed by the body
all of
An energy intake greater than energy expenditure results in
body fat increases
most foods contain a mixture of
carbohydrate, protein, fat
Major classes of nutrients
carbohydrates, fats/lipids, water, proteins, vitamins, and minerals
nutrients
chemical necessary for proper body functioning
The effects of malnutrition can be devastating on the following stages of rapid growth.
childhood, pregnancy, and infancy
The information we know about the relationship between diet and health is _____.
constantly evolving
Dietary supplement
contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake
Medical nutrition therapies are______.
diets prescribed by physicians for chronic health conditions
A poor diet and physical inactivity will increase your risk of
dying prematurely
Empty calories
energy supplied by unhealthy solid fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol
energy density
energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight
By making certain dietary changes (such as decreasing fat intake), a person may _____.
forestall the development of certain diseases and lessen the severity of a disease
Dietary factors contribute to the disease's development
kidney disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease,
In developing countries, poor sanitation practices and the lack of clean cooking and drinking water cause ______.
majority of all diseases
Special diets prescribed for people with chronic health conditions are called _____.
medical nutrition therapies
Nutrition
scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances
How many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol?
seven
poor eating habits contribute to the development of
some types of cancer, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and excess body fat
The endosperm (white flour) is mostly
starch
In 2016, the National Academy of Sciences reported ______.
that there is no scientific evidence that indicates genetically engineered crops are unsafe for humans or harmful to the environment
Physiological dose
the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally
metric/metric values
the standard of measurement used in nutrition is the _____ system
malnutrition
the state of health when the body is improperly nourished, including under- and overnutrition
Statements about alcohol that are true
- Alcohol is not a nutrient - Alcohol provides energy - Pure alcohol furnishes about 7 kcal/gram
Which circumstances increase a person's chances of undernutrition in the United States?
- chronic alcoholism - living in poverty - anorexia nervosa
What contributes to the spread of infectious disease in developing countries?
- lack of clean cooking and drinking water - poor sanitation practices
Examples of foods that are nutrient dense and energy dense are _____.
Nuts, peanut butter, and whole milk
If a person consumes more calories than he/she expends they will _______ weight
gain
Americans with low incomes and individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa and chronic alcoholism are at increased risk of______.
undernutrition
Nutrition-related factors that contribute to many worldwide deaths in children under 5 years include _____.
undernutrition and vitamin deficiencies
Calorie (kcal, kilocalorie)
unit of heat energy needed to raise one liter of water one degree Celsius; a unit describing the energy content of food
Diet
usual pattern of food choices
The nutritional needs of healthy people ______ during different life stages.
vary
All of the following nutrients provide energy for cells EXCEPT
vitamins
To achieve nutritional adequacy and ensure good health, one should consume a variety of foods from the following food groups.
whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
Some Healthy People 2023 has several nutrition-related objectives
1) Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese 2) Reduce the proportion of obese children and adolescents 3) Increase fruit intake of people who are 2 years of age and older 4) Increase the intake of vegetables by people who are 2 years of age and older 5) Increase whole grain intake by people who are 2 years of age and older 6) Reduce intake of added sugars by people by people who are 2 years of age and older 7) Reduce intake of added sugars by people who are 2 years of age and older 8) Increase calcium intake by people who are 2 years of age and older
A gram of carbohydrate (sugar and starches) and a gram of protein each supplies how much kcal?
4
What is the kilocalorie content of a food that provides 7 grams fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein?
91 kcal (7 grams fat X 9 kcal per gram) + (4 grams carbohydrate X 4 kcal per gram) + (3 grams protein X 4 kcal per gram) = 91 kcal
The second leading cause of death for Americans is
Cancer
Top two leading causes of death to Americans are
Cancer and Heart disease
Dietary Moderation
Consuming reasonable amounts of food while obtaining enough nutrients from food