Nutrition Chapter 1

What are the four characteristics of a healthful diet?

Adequacy, balance, moderation, and variety.

If a patient is not consuming enough calories a day to meet their total energy needs what characteristic of a healthy diet are they missing?

Adequacy. The diet is not adequate.

What factors are the USDA Food Patterns' recommended numbers of servings from each food group are based on?

Age gender activity level

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend healthier fat sources which include . . .

Canola oil and olive oil.

What is an important source of energy for muscles during times of rest and low-intensity activity?

Fat

What are the two groups of vitamins?

Fat soluble and water soluble

What is the main reason that a high-fat diet can lead to overweight and obesity?

Fats are energy dense.

Which macronutrient is the MOST energy dense

Fats. They contain 9 kcal of energy per gram

What is a dietary factor that poses a critical health risk for Americans today?

Inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds.

Which characteristic of a healthy diet addresses eating too much of a nutrient to the extent of causing health problems?

Moderation

Which principle of a healthful diet is violated by drinking three 20-oz bottles of soft drinks every day?

Moderation

What are some examples of a ounce-equivalent serving from the grain group according to the USDA Food Patterns?

One slice of whole grain bread, 1/2 cup cooked brown rice, 1/2 regular hamburger bun or two 4" pancakes.

On a food label a consumer can find out how much a serving of the food contributes to the recommended overall daily intake of nutrients by looking which item on the label?

Percent daily values (%DVs)

Foods high in sugar are generally also made with what other unhealthy ingredient?

Unhealthy fats

If a patient is eating the same foods over and over for days at a time what characteristic of a health diet are they missing?

Variety. A healthy diet needs to be varied.

What are several foods choices for people who cannot consume dairy to get adequate calcium?

calcium-fortified juices soy products rice beverages lactose-free dairy products.

What are macronutrients?

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Describe and explain the four characteristics of a healthful diet.

1. A healthful diet is adequate. It provides enough energy, nutrients, and fiber to maintain health. 2. A healthful diet is moderate. The person is eating the right amounts of foods to maintain a healthy weight and to optimize the functioning of the body. 3. A healthful diet is balanced. It contains the combinations of foods that provide the proper balance of nutrients. 4. A healthful diet is varied. The person is eating different foods each day

What are the four steps of the scientific method?

1. Observation of a phenomenon 2. Generate a hypothesis 3. Conduct Experiments 4. Develop a Theory

For a food package to be labeled as "low in sodium," the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that each serving of the product contain less than how many milligrams of sodium?

140 mg or less of sodium.

A practical way to estimate a healthy 3-oz serving of cooked meat, chicken, or fish is to make it approximately the size of which body part?

A woman's palm.

How much of the fruits section of MyPlate is emphasized that a person is encouraged to consume?

At least 1 1/2 cups of fruit every day.

Which characteristic of a healthy diet is missing in a patient who restricts their carbohydrate intake to one source such as fruits and does not consume adequate amounts of vegetables?

Balance

Name the primary functions of dietary protein.

Building new cells and tissues, repairing damaged structures and regulating metabolism and fluid balance.

What is the primary public health agency in the United States that addresses issues related to nutrition and disease?

Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

Which nutrition advice best summarizes the concept of nutrient density?

Consume foods that have the most nutrients for their calories.

What patient population does Registered Dietitians work with most often?

Diabetic patients

How do you calculate the percentage of calories from fat in one serving of this product.

Divide the fat calories by the total calories.

Describe Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

EAR is the standard used to estimate the average amount of daily nutrients that meets the needs of half of all healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender.

The Mediterranean diet is high in fiber and rich in vitamins and minerals because it includes daily consumption what foods?

Grains, fruits, beans, nuts, vegetables, and cheese and yogurt.

What illnesses is poor nutrition is strongly associated with

Heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

Excess sodium in the diet is linked to which disease in some individuals?

High blood pressure

The Mediterranean diet is a unique dietary pattern that is characterized by . . .

High levels of monounsaturated fats.

What is a recommendation that is emphasized in the grains group of MyPlate?

Make half of the grains whole grains.

Describe the science of nutrition.

Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body. It includes how we digest, metabolize, and store nutrients and it involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.

Which nutrition related healthcare professional generally has no definition or laws regulating them?

Nutritionists

What is an example of a disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency?

Scurvy

Describes minerals.

Substances that do not contain carbon and are NOT broken down during digestion nor destroyed by heat or light. They are found in a variety of foods.

What is an example of a practical suggestion for incorporating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Switching from white bread to whole-grain bread.

What set of principles were developed to promote health and reduce chronic diseases and overweight and obesity through both improved nutrition and increased physical activity.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Describe the DRI value Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

The EER is the dietary standard used to predict average energy (kcal) intake needed to maintain energy balance in healthy adults.

What is required on all food labels?

The Nutrition Facts Label must show: Serving size Household measure/common household unit Servings per container Mandatory nutrients (total calories, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total sugars, added sugars, protein, vitamin D, calcium, iron, potassium)

Describe a case-control study

The case-control study compares two groups of individuals, one with the disease and one without the disease, in order to identify factors that might influence the disease.

What claims can be made on a food label that does not need the approval from the FDA.

The structure-function of the food.

Why are foods made with solid fats and/or added sugar considered to contain empty calories?

They provide few or no nutrients.

Why was MyPlate designed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)?

To become an interactive visual guide to healthy eating.

What vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?

Vitamin C deficiency

What is a description of vitamins?

Vitamins are micronutrients that play a vital role in building and maintaining healthy bone, blood, and muscle tissue.

What are examples of nutrients?

Water, vitamins and minerals, carbs, fats and proteins.

What is an example carbohydrate-rich foods.

Wheat, lentils, legumes, beans grains, and fruits

Typically what foods have the greatest nutrient density?

Whole grains, fresh vegetables and fruits, low-fat dairy products and lean proteins.

Which of the USDA Food Patterns groups include foods high in fiber?

Whole grains, vegetables, and fruits.

What are the colors in MyPlate?

red is fruits orange is grains green is vegetables purple is protein blue is dairy

What is the USDA Food Patterns' guide to healthy portion size based on?

the ounce-equivalent.