Nutrition Chapter 2

Typical Americans need to reduce their intake of

Added sugars

Which of the following statements are consistent with advice from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?

Children should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day Adults should perform 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week

Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, are linked to

Excess calorie intake

Physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents include

60 minutes of physical activity per day

Which of the following are true about the RDA?

A significant deviation (about 70%) below the required RDA for an extended period of time indicates risk of deficiency. The RDA serves as a standard to evaluate intake of specific nutrients.

When there is not enough research on a nutrient to set a precise RDA, a(n) ________ is set for the nutrient

Adequate intake

Adults should participate in 150 to 300 minutes of moderate intensity ____ activity each week

Aerobic

Weight, skinfold thickness, body circumference are measures of

Anthropometric data

Educational level, living conditions, and economic status are part of the ________ assessment

Background

Which of the following is the most important predictor of body weight?

Balance between calories consumed and calories expended

Dark green vegetables include

Broccoli Kale Spinach

Excess consumption of sodium, calories, and saturated fat leads to _______ diseases

Chronic

With reference to nutrient standards, DRI stands for

Daily Recommended Intake

Comparing your _____ with your personalized food plan recommendations is a simple way to evaluate the quality of your overall eating pattern

Daily food intake

The Recommended Dietary Allowances, Adequate Intakes, Estimated Energy Requirements, Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, and the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes are different types o

Dietary reference intakes

What Dietary Reference Intake is used to estimate the kilocalorie needs of an individual based on height, weight, age, biologic sex, and physical activity level?

Estimated Energy Requirement

Assessing your current dietary pattern could help you

Evaluate your overall calorie intake compared to your estimated energy requirement Identify inadequate intakes of micronutrients, such as calcium Identify inadequate intakes of MyPlate food groups, such as fruits or vegetables

How do typical American dietary patterns compare to the Dietary Guidelines?

Exceed the recommendations for refined grains intake Exceed the limits for added sugars intake Exceed the limits for sodium intake

What are some changes you can make to increase your intake of fruits and vegetables?

Focus on whole fruits Make half your plate fruits and vegetables Vary your vegetables to consume a rainbow of colors

Which food practice makes up the base of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid?

Fruits Vegetables Whole grains Olive oil Beans Nuts Legumes Seeds

Which food group occupies slightly more than one-fourth of MyPlate?

Grains

More than 50% of Americans are meeting the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for

Grains Proteins

A food is said to be nutrient dense if the nutrient to calorie ratio is

High

Vitamin or mineral toxicity is most likely to result from consuming

Individual vitamin and mineral supplements

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 is the first edition of the Dietary Guidelines to include specific recommendations for

Infants and toddlers

Medical history is important because

It identifies any treatment of disease states that could be contributing to a decreased nutrient absorption

Which of the following accurately describe the Daily Value?

It is used on the Nutrition Facts panel of food labels. It is based on a 2000-kcal diet. It is a generic standard.

_____ are at the top of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, which indicates they should be eaten least frequently

Meats and sweets

What are the foundations of a healthy food plan?

Meet your nutrient needs primarily from foods Pay attention to portion size Choose a variety of foods from all food groups

A healthful diet plan consists of which of the following?

Meeting your daily nutritional needs from foods and beverages Paying attention to portion size Selecting a variety of foods from each food group

Eating small portion sizes and planning your entire day's diet (daily eating plan) so that you don't over consume any nutrients is a healthful component of the diet known as

Moderation

Another name for a heart attack is

Myocardial infarction

A food that provides a lot of nutrients without a lot of calories is considered

Nutrient dense

Which of the following is the most important health concern that informed the development of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Obesity

The most recent edition of the Dietary Guidelines are designed specifically to help a person avoid becoming ______, a condition that affects more than half of American adults and is associated with development of many chronic diseases

Overweight

Modified MyPlate food plans are available for ______

Pregnant or breastfeeding mothers Weight loss Preschoolers

When planning a diet to meet nutrient needs, which standards can be used?

RDAs AIs

Which of the following are anthropometric assessments that can be helpful for evaluating nutritional status?

Skinfold thicknesses Height Weight Body circumferences

Overconsumption of _______ is often linked to chronic disease

Sodium Saturated fat

Which is true about the RDA?

The RDA recommends the amount of a nutrient that will meet the needs of about 98% of the population in a particular age/ gender group

Which are true about the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes?

These are a category of the DRIs. These are nutrient recommendations aimed at reducing the risk for chronic diseases.

What is the maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in most all people?

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Which of the following are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Adequate Intakes (AI) Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)

Choose examples of overnutrition

Too much vitamin A intake during pregnancy Excess iron intake leading to stomach distress

Choosing a number of different foods within any given food group rather than eating the same thing day after day describes a component of a healthful diet known as

Variety

Which food group covers half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals?

Vegetables and fruits

Which are examples of undernutrition?

Vitamin B deficiency Iron deficiency

Choosing the right amount of calories to consume is based on age, sex, height, and

Weight

Estimated Energy Requirements take _______ into account when determining an individual's energy needs

Weight Biologic sex Age Physical activity

The Dietary Guidelines apply to

Young adults Adolescents Older adults

The Adequate Intake is based on the

dietary intakes of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health.

Which situations would likely lead to an intake above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for a nutrient?

high doses of a supplement for a specific vitamin or mineral an excessive intake of a limited variety of foods using many fortified foods

Which of the following are appropriate uses of Dietary Reference Intakes?

Assessing the nutrient intakes of a population Planning a diet to meet nutrient needs Planning a diet for weight loss.

Which category of Dietary Reference Intakes sets a specific target for a nutrient that will reduce the risk for a specific disease?

Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes

An anthropometric assessment is used to assess the ______ of the human body

Composition (fat and muscle) Size

Calcium rich foods are associated with the ______ group

Dairy

What are the five subgroups of vegetables?

Dark green Starchy Legumes Red and orange Other

An optimal nutrition state can be achieved by following the

Dietary Guidelines