Nutrition Chapter 2
Typical Americans need to reduce their intake of
Added sugars
Which of the following statements are consistent with advice from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?
Children should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day Adults should perform 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week
Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, are linked to
Excess calorie intake
Physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents include
60 minutes of physical activity per day
Which of the following are true about the RDA?
A significant deviation (about 70%) below the required RDA for an extended period of time indicates risk of deficiency. The RDA serves as a standard to evaluate intake of specific nutrients.
When there is not enough research on a nutrient to set a precise RDA, a(n) ________ is set for the nutrient
Adequate intake
Adults should participate in 150 to 300 minutes of moderate intensity ____ activity each week
Aerobic
Weight, skinfold thickness, body circumference are measures of
Anthropometric data
Educational level, living conditions, and economic status are part of the ________ assessment
Background
Which of the following is the most important predictor of body weight?
Balance between calories consumed and calories expended
Dark green vegetables include
Broccoli Kale Spinach
Excess consumption of sodium, calories, and saturated fat leads to _______ diseases
Chronic
With reference to nutrient standards, DRI stands for
Daily Recommended Intake
Comparing your _____ with your personalized food plan recommendations is a simple way to evaluate the quality of your overall eating pattern
Daily food intake
The Recommended Dietary Allowances, Adequate Intakes, Estimated Energy Requirements, Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, and the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes are different types o
Dietary reference intakes
What Dietary Reference Intake is used to estimate the kilocalorie needs of an individual based on height, weight, age, biologic sex, and physical activity level?
Estimated Energy Requirement
Assessing your current dietary pattern could help you
Evaluate your overall calorie intake compared to your estimated energy requirement Identify inadequate intakes of micronutrients, such as calcium Identify inadequate intakes of MyPlate food groups, such as fruits or vegetables
How do typical American dietary patterns compare to the Dietary Guidelines?
Exceed the recommendations for refined grains intake Exceed the limits for added sugars intake Exceed the limits for sodium intake
What are some changes you can make to increase your intake of fruits and vegetables?
Focus on whole fruits Make half your plate fruits and vegetables Vary your vegetables to consume a rainbow of colors
Which food practice makes up the base of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid?
Fruits Vegetables Whole grains Olive oil Beans Nuts Legumes Seeds
Which food group occupies slightly more than one-fourth of MyPlate?
Grains
More than 50% of Americans are meeting the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for
Grains Proteins
A food is said to be nutrient dense if the nutrient to calorie ratio is
High
Vitamin or mineral toxicity is most likely to result from consuming
Individual vitamin and mineral supplements
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 is the first edition of the Dietary Guidelines to include specific recommendations for
Infants and toddlers
Medical history is important because
It identifies any treatment of disease states that could be contributing to a decreased nutrient absorption
Which of the following accurately describe the Daily Value?
It is used on the Nutrition Facts panel of food labels. It is based on a 2000-kcal diet. It is a generic standard.
_____ are at the top of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, which indicates they should be eaten least frequently
Meats and sweets
What are the foundations of a healthy food plan?
Meet your nutrient needs primarily from foods Pay attention to portion size Choose a variety of foods from all food groups
A healthful diet plan consists of which of the following?
Meeting your daily nutritional needs from foods and beverages Paying attention to portion size Selecting a variety of foods from each food group
Eating small portion sizes and planning your entire day's diet (daily eating plan) so that you don't over consume any nutrients is a healthful component of the diet known as
Moderation
Another name for a heart attack is
Myocardial infarction
A food that provides a lot of nutrients without a lot of calories is considered
Nutrient dense
Which of the following is the most important health concern that informed the development of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Obesity
The most recent edition of the Dietary Guidelines are designed specifically to help a person avoid becoming ______, a condition that affects more than half of American adults and is associated with development of many chronic diseases
Overweight
Modified MyPlate food plans are available for ______
Pregnant or breastfeeding mothers Weight loss Preschoolers
When planning a diet to meet nutrient needs, which standards can be used?
RDAs AIs
Which of the following are anthropometric assessments that can be helpful for evaluating nutritional status?
Skinfold thicknesses Height Weight Body circumferences
Overconsumption of _______ is often linked to chronic disease
Sodium Saturated fat
Which is true about the RDA?
The RDA recommends the amount of a nutrient that will meet the needs of about 98% of the population in a particular age/ gender group
Which are true about the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes?
These are a category of the DRIs. These are nutrient recommendations aimed at reducing the risk for chronic diseases.
What is the maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in most all people?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
Which of the following are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Adequate Intakes (AI) Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)
Choose examples of overnutrition
Too much vitamin A intake during pregnancy Excess iron intake leading to stomach distress
Choosing a number of different foods within any given food group rather than eating the same thing day after day describes a component of a healthful diet known as
Variety
Which food group covers half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals?
Vegetables and fruits
Which are examples of undernutrition?
Vitamin B deficiency Iron deficiency
Choosing the right amount of calories to consume is based on age, sex, height, and
Weight
Estimated Energy Requirements take _______ into account when determining an individual's energy needs
Weight Biologic sex Age Physical activity
The Dietary Guidelines apply to
Young adults Adolescents Older adults
The Adequate Intake is based on the
dietary intakes of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health.
Which situations would likely lead to an intake above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for a nutrient?
high doses of a supplement for a specific vitamin or mineral an excessive intake of a limited variety of foods using many fortified foods
Which of the following are appropriate uses of Dietary Reference Intakes?
Assessing the nutrient intakes of a population Planning a diet to meet nutrient needs Planning a diet for weight loss.
Which category of Dietary Reference Intakes sets a specific target for a nutrient that will reduce the risk for a specific disease?
Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes
An anthropometric assessment is used to assess the ______ of the human body
Composition (fat and muscle) Size
Calcium rich foods are associated with the ______ group
Dairy
What are the five subgroups of vegetables?
Dark green Starchy Legumes Red and orange Other
An optimal nutrition state can be achieved by following the
Dietary Guidelines