Nutrition Chapter 3

The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called ______________.

-ATP (adenosine trisphosphate)

Select all that apply: Which of the following statements about the acidic nature of gastric juice is true. -It converts the inactive digestive enzymes to their active form. -it partially digests food protein -it halts the biological activity of proteins -It makes dietary minerals insoluble by preventing their absorption.

-It converts the inactive digestive enzymes to their active form. -it partially digests food protein -it halts the biological activity of proteins

Select all that apply: Compared to the small intestine, the large intestine ______. -absorbs fewer nutrients -houses more bacteria -produces more digestive enzymes -is longer in length

-absorbs fewer nutrients -houses more bacteria

The _____ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed. -acid -water -base

-acid

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of: -protease -pepsin -lipase -amylase

-amylase

A general term for blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart is ____________.

-arteries

The presence of fat in the small intestine causes the release of a hormonal signal that triggers the gallbladder to release ______. -chyme -bile -bicarbonate -additional hormones

-bile

What does the digestive system do?

-breaks down food both mechanically and chemically

The exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the... -veins -capillaries -lacteals -arteries

-capillaries

Membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles are part of a self-contained, living entity called a(n): -cell -nucleus -organ system -organ

-cell

Re-order these terms to show the levels of organization of the human body by arranging the following terms from least complex (at the top) to most complex (at the bottom). -organ -tissue -cell -organ system

-cell -tissue -organ -organ system

Self-contained, living structures that join together to form tissues are called ____________.

-cells

Select all that apply: Which of the following are functions of the nervous system? -transports nutrients and wastes -controls intellectual functioning -directs movements -detects sensations

-controls intellectual functioning -directs movements -detects sensations

What does the nervous system do?

-detects sensations, controls physiological and intellectual functions

Which body system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food and the removal of waste?: -circulatory -endocrine -digestive -integumentary

-digestive

The _____________ system has a major role in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, and water balance.

-endocrine

The catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins yields ___________.

-energy

True or false: The digestive system is the body system primarily in charge of regulating metabolism.

-false

True or false: The stomach is the site of most nutrient digestion and absorption.

-false

Select all that apply: Preventing pathogens from invading the body is a shared role of which two of the following systems? -immune system -nervous system -digestive system -muscular system

-immune system -digestive system

Which digestive organ has no villi or digestive enzymes, has a number of mucus-producing cells, and absorbs water, some vitamins, some fatty acids, and the minerals sodium and potassium? -pancreas -large intestine -small intestine -stomach

-large intestine

Select all that apply: Which of the following are roles of the endocrine system? -maintains water balance -produces hormones -plays a major role in the regulation of metabolism -converts beta-carotene to vitamin C

-maintains water balance -produces hormones -plays a major role in the regulation of metabolism

Select all that apply: The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in: -making dietary minerals soluble -breaking down fats -partially digesting protein -activating some digestive enzymes

-making dietary minerals soluble -partially digesting protein -activating some digestive enzymes

Put the following digestive organs in the order that they come in contact with food (from top to bottom). -small intestine -stomach -large intestine -esophagus -mouth

-mouth -esophagus -stomach -small intestine -large intestine

The ______ system is a regulatory system that centrally controls most body functions. -digestive -respiratory -integumentary -nervous

-nervous

Select all that apply: What are common features that all cells share? -organelles -membranes -nucleus -cytoplasm

-organelles -membranes -cytoplasm

Select all that apply: The starch-digesting enzyme, amylase, is produced by the ______ and ______. -pancreas -liver -stomach -salivary glands

-pancreas -salivary glands

A series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food along the GI tract is called _____________.

-peristalsis

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called: -nerve contractions -peristalsis -chyme -bolus

-peristalsis

Select all that apply: Lymph contains which of the following? -plasma -dietary fats -red blood cells -white blood cells

-plasma -dietary fats -white blood cells

Select all that apply: Which of the following substances are present in blood but are NOT present in lymph? -platelets -white blood cells -red blood cells -fluid

-platelets -red blood cells

The digestive system supports the immune system by: -producing hormones to stimulate the white blood cells. -activating the intrinsic factor. -preventing pathogens in food from invading the body. -transporting fats to the immune system.

-preventing pathogens in food from invading the body.

Select all that apply: Which of the following yields energy? -protein -minerals -vitamins -fat -carbohydrates

-protein -fat -carbohydrates

Before feces are eliminated, they are held in the _________. -gallbladder -cecum -rectum -ileocecal sphincter

-rectum

What does the endocrine system do?

-regulates metabolism through the action of hormones

What does the lymphatic system do?

-removes foreign substances from the blood and aid in fat absorption

What does the urinary system do?

-removes waste products from the circulatory system

The ______ and the ______ support the immune system by forming an important barrier against invading microorganisms. -stomach; blood -lymph; hormones -skin; intestinal cells

-skin; intestinal cells

The main site of nutrient digestion and absorption is the ____________ intestine. -small -large

-small

Chyme passes from the stomach into the ______. -large intestine -small intestine -pancreas -liver/gallbladder

-small intestine

Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the __________. -pancreas -large intestine -stomach -small intestine

-small intestine

The endocrine system is related to nutrition through: -the transport of nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body -the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth -the regulation of the senses and control of intellectual functions. -the production of enzymes that aid in digestion.

-the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth

A collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function is called a(n) __________________.

-tissue

What does the cardiovascular system do?

-transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body

Each kidney is connected to the bladder by a __________. -ureter -urethra -hepatic vein -lymphatic vessel

-ureter

The kidneys, bladder, and ureters make up the ______ system. -urinary -lymphatic -nervous -digestive

-urinary

After blood flows through the body, it returns to the heart through the: -lacteals -veins capillaries

-veins

Peristalsis refers to... -waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract. -muscular spasms in the gastrointestinal tract that may cause irritable bowel syndrome. -muscular spasms in the gastrointestinal tract that may cause irritable bowel syndrome. -back and forth movements along the small intestine that mix chyme with digestive enzymes.

-waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract.

Select all that apply: What substances do lymph and blood have in common? -white blood cells -red blood cells -plasma -platelets

-white blood cells -plasma

A community of 100 trillion microorganism that colonizes throughout the body is termed ______. -prebiotics -synbiotics -the microbiota -probiotics

=-the microbiota