Nutrition chapter 3

____________helps us make blood clotting factors

Vitamin K

Body Mass Index (BMI) provides information on the relationship between ___________ and _________.

Weight and height

Dental professionals should not

1. sell or recommend weight loss diet or supplements 2. advise patients to take dietary supplements for weight loss 3. suggest over the counter weight loss medications

Normal range for BMI

18.5-24.9

Weight stability

(isocaloric balance) calorie intake=calorie output

Weight decreases

(negative caloric balance) calorie intake<calorie output

Weight increases

(positive caloric balance) calorie intake>calorie output

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) is based on

1. Basal Energy Expenditure/Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) 2. Thermic Effect of physical activity 3. Other sources of energy expenditure

Select the two factors that contribute the most to our Total Energy Expenditure (TEE, our total energy/calorie needs):

1. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) 2. Thermic effect of physical activity

Which of the following is not an oral health risk implications of bariatric surgery?

1. GERD/ acid reflux 2. Frequent vomiting 3. Impaired bone health due to nutrient deficiency 4. Increased tooth decay

Factors that can affect energy needs

1. Growth 2. Pregnancy 3. Lactation

Two types of bariatric surgery

1. Malabsorptive (A)(Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) 2. Restrictive (B) Adjustable gastric (lap band) surgery (AGB)

What factors influence obesity?

1. psychologic factors 2. genetics 3. Environmental factors 4. Behavioral factors

Overweight range for BMI

25.0-29.9

Obese range for BMI is

30 and over

1 lb of fat = ?

3500 calories

One pound of fat is lost or gained in units of _________.

3500 calories

Overweight is a BMI at or above the___________and lower than the___________ in children and adolescents.

85th percentile; 95th percentile

Obesity in children or adolescents is a BMI at or above_____________.

95th percentile

All of the following are life stages when energy demands tend to be higher EXCEPT:

Advanced age

Which body composition carries more health risk?

Android (apple shape)

which body fat distribution causes the most health risk?

Apple/android shape

restricts food intake by physically reducing the size of the stomach

Bariatric surgery

accounts for 2/3 of energy expenditure and contributes to the MOST to energy output between 45-70% daily

Basal Energy Expenditure/Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Which contributes the most to our caloric needs?

Basic metabolic activities

Weight loss medications that inhibit dietary fat absorption may also inhibit absorption of:

Fat-soluble vitamins

Which of the following metrics assesses body composition?

Body Mass Index

a ratio of weight to height

Body Mass Index (BMI)

apple shape/android

Central fat distribution

containing weight loss products banned only about a decade after they were discovered to be unsafe

Ephedra

Only overweight/obese can cause health risk, not underweight.

False Both underweight and overweight are significant global health concerns.

T/F: Positive energy balance means that less calories are entering the body than the body needs.

False Positive energy balance means that more calories are entering the body than the body needs. These excess calories may be stored as fat or glycogen.

T/F: A BMI of 26 is considered normal weight. BMI is calculated based on height, weight, and waist circumference.

False; False

What is the best macronutrient distribution for weight loss?

Keep carbohydrate, fat, and protein ratios within normal Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges, but limit intake sufficient to create calorie deficit.

energy needs exceed calorie intake and excessive exercise, malabsorption, decreased calorie intake

Negative energy balance

How many kilocalories do vitamins yield per gram consumed?

None

A BMI of 22.0 is considered to be in the _______ range

Normal weight

A BMI of 31.0 is considered to be in the _______ range.

Obese

A BMI of 27.0 is considered to be in the _______ range.

Overweight

pear shape/gynoid

Peripheral fat distribution

Which form of bariatric surgery carries a higher risk of poor nutrient absorption?

Roux-en-Y (Gastric Bypass)

any body movement produced by muscles that increases energy expenditure

Thermic Effect of physical activity

How much energy you need depends on daily____________?

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)

Meals eaten away from home tend to be lower in quality and higher in calories.

True

T/F: Caries risk can increase after bariatric surgery.

True

What is a long-term weight loss/weight maintenance concern with using meal replacement shakes to help with weight loss?

Users may not develop healthy food choice strategies of their own

physical activity accounts for ____________ of energy expenditure

about 1/3

Energy yield for nutrients:

carbohydrates: 4 cal/g protein: 4 cal/g fat: 9 cal/g alcohol: 7 cal/g

Energy demands tend to ______with older age.

decrease

GERD in patients can increase a risk for?

dental caries, dentin hypersensitivity, and tooth erosion

______________ and _____________ deficiencies more common after malbsorptive procedures.

malnutrition and micronutrient

Which is not a state in which energy demands tend to increase?

old age

BMI of 25.0 is considered

overweight

What is the strongest risk for child obesity?

parental, especially maternal, obesity

excess calories are consumed and energy is stored as fat or glycogen or used for growth needs

positive energy balance

1 kilocalorie=?

the energy needed to raise temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius

obesity is a risk factor for ________, which increases the risk and severity of _________.

type 2 diabetes; periodontal disease

BMI of less than 18.5 is considered

underweight

The most rapid growth occurs during ___________.

utero

most useful measure to estimate excess abdominal fat

waist to hip ratio (WHR)