Nutrition Chapter 4
If Jason consumes 300 g of carbohydrates per day in a 2,500 calorie diet, what is the percentage of calories derived from carbohydrates?
48%
Which of the following best describes the effects of lactose intolerance on those who consume dairy products?
The undigested lactose passes into the large intestine, where it draws in water, is metabolized by bacteria, producing gas and causing abdominal distension, gas, cramping, and diarrhea.
Which metabolic pathway yields the greatest amount of ATP via cellular respiration?
aerobic metabolism
What term is used to describe the process whereby bacteria on the teeth metabolize carbohydrates, producing tooth-damaging acids?
dental caries
Which of the following best represents how the typical U.S. diet represents carbohydrates consumption?
diet low in fiber, high in added sugar
Foods that contain added refined sugars contribute ______________ to the diet.
empty calories
All of the following best describe the health impact of indigestible carbohydrates as a food source for bacteria in the colon, except
enhancement of nutrient absorption in the colon
Which of the following category of complex carbohydrates is not digestible because they cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes?
fiber
The addition of nutrients to foods is referred to as:
fortification
Which of the following hormones assists in normalizing blood glucose levels when blood sugar drops below normal?
glucagon
Which monosaccharide commonly found in all disaccharides?
glucose
Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
glycogen
Which type of fiber has a laxative effect by adding bulk to fecal matter as it passes, unchanged, through the gastrointestinal tract?
insoluble fiber
Symptoms and complications of uncontrolled diabetes include all of the following except
liver damage
Besides providing energy, their main function, carbohydrates also play other roles in the body which includes all of the following except
oligosaccharides are associated with mitochondrial membrane structures.
Which of the following is not a potential adverse health condition that may result if the body lacks sufficient dietary carbohydrate?
protein-sparing action
Most digestion of carbohydrate occurs in the
small intestine
Which type of dietary fiber blocks bile reabsorption and promotes dietary cholesterol excretion?
soluble fiber
Which of the following is an example of a refined food?
white bread