Nutrition Chapter 4

If Jason consumes 300 g of carbohydrates per day in a 2,500 calorie diet, what is the percentage of calories derived from carbohydrates?

48%

Which of the following best describes the effects of lactose intolerance on those who consume dairy products?

The undigested lactose passes into the large intestine, where it draws in water, is metabolized by bacteria, producing gas and causing abdominal distension, gas, cramping, and diarrhea.

Which metabolic pathway yields the greatest amount of ATP via cellular respiration?

aerobic metabolism

What term is used to describe the process whereby bacteria on the teeth metabolize carbohydrates, producing tooth-damaging acids?

dental caries

Which of the following best represents how the typical U.S. diet represents carbohydrates consumption?

diet low in fiber, high in added sugar

Foods that contain added refined sugars contribute ______________ to the diet.

empty calories

All of the following best describe the health impact of indigestible carbohydrates as a food source for bacteria in the colon, except

enhancement of nutrient absorption in the colon

Which of the following category of complex carbohydrates is not digestible because they cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes?

fiber

The addition of nutrients to foods is referred to as:

fortification

Which of the following hormones assists in normalizing blood glucose levels when blood sugar drops below normal?

glucagon

Which monosaccharide commonly found in all disaccharides?

glucose

Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

glycogen

Which type of fiber has a laxative effect by adding bulk to fecal matter as it passes, unchanged, through the gastrointestinal tract?

insoluble fiber

Symptoms and complications of uncontrolled diabetes include all of the following except

liver damage

Besides providing energy, their main function, carbohydrates also play other roles in the body which includes all of the following except

oligosaccharides are associated with mitochondrial membrane structures.

Which of the following is not a potential adverse health condition that may result if the body lacks sufficient dietary carbohydrate?

protein-sparing action

Most digestion of carbohydrate occurs in the

small intestine

Which type of dietary fiber blocks bile reabsorption and promotes dietary cholesterol excretion?

soluble fiber

Which of the following is an example of a refined food?

white bread